Жиль Делез относится к представителям continental philosophy, sometimes his work is attributed to poststructuralism. His philosophy occupies an important place in matters that relate to society, politics, creativity, subjectivity. During his life he created and published many works, some of which were written in collaboration, including with the psychoanalyst Guattari.
short biography
French philosopher was born on January 18, 1925 in Paris. Gilles Deleuze was a representative of the middle class family of conservative views. He spent most of his life in his hometown.
My father was an engineer and until 1930 the owner of a small business. After its closure, he got a job at a factory that produced airships. Mother was a housewife.
Education boy received in normalpublic school. In 1940, his father brought the children to Normandy, but a year later they returned home, and Gilles entered the Carnot Lyceum. In occupied Paris, Gilles' brother, Georges, became involved in the Resistance. He was captured, and he soon died. The death of a brother, according to many biographers, influenced the worldview of a young man who was distant from his family, seeking himself in philosophy. Some time later, his father died.
A significant influence on a young man had a work of Sartre, Being and Nothing, which was released in 1943. He knew it by heart and could quote almost any part of it.
After graduating from high school, Gilles listened to the preparatoryLectures in the lyceums of Henry the Fourth and Louis the Great. Having received insufficient points for the Higher School, he nevertheless entered the Sorbonne and received a scholarship. Since 1945, the student began to publish his own articles, which were saturated with the phenomenology of Sartre.
Since 1948, Deleuze began working as a teacherphilosophy in the lyceum of Amiens, Orleans, Louis the Great. Since 1957, he began working at the Sorbonne, and since 1960, he received four years of paid leave to write his works from the National Center for Scientific Research.
Then he taught at the University of Lyons, Vincennes University, the College de France, published his works, including in collaboration with other philosophers.
All his life, Deleuze was accompanied by problems withhealth At first he had asthma, after tuberculosis, then he had surgery to remove one lung, and by the end of his life the disease had developed into lung cancer. The philosopher could not bear the impossibility of working on his works. And although he wanted to write more about many things, including a book about Marx, on November 4, 1995, he jumped out of the window. He was buried in the cemetery in Limousin.
A family
In 1956, a friend introduced Gilles to Fanny Granjuane.She worked as a translator. Young people were married in the estate of the bride's parents, which was located in Limousin. After they moved to an apartment in Paris, which was part of the family heritage of Granzhuan.
Married two children:
- in 1960, son of Julien;
- in 1964, daughter Emily.
The concept of a new vision of the world
Философ долгое время сотрудничал с psychoanalyst guattari. Together they published several successful books, and also offered their concept of a vision of the world. It received its name from the word "nomad", which means "nomad".
Nomadology of Gilles Deleuze was characterized by failurefrom ideas that were rigid structure and determinism. The key symbol of the new concept was the rhizome, which opposes the unchanged linear structures typical of European culture.
Major works
The publication of his works philosopher engaged in1945 Initially, these were articles, and after moving with his wife to his own small apartment, he began to create his first books. For all his life, in addition to books, he published many articles, reviews, lectures, seminars, theses, petitions.
Significant works:
- 1968 - treatise "Difference and Repetition";
- 1969 - treatise "The Logic of Meaning";
- 1972 - the joint work of "Anti-Oedipus";
- 1975 - joint work "Kafka";
- 1977 - Kant's Critical Philosophy;
- 1980 - joint work "Thousand Plateau";
- 1983, 1985 - "Cinema";
- 1988 - “Fold: Leibniz and Baroque”;
- 1991 - joint work "What is philosophy?".
This is only a small part of the works in which Gilles Deleuze discloses his philosophy. The “logic of meaning” was one of the first significant works of the thinker.
"The Logic of Meaning"
The book focuses on one of the most difficult andThis traditional topic for philosophy: what is the meaning? The Thinker relies on the work of Carroll, Freud, Nietzsche, as well as the Stoics. He develops his original concept. The author connects the meaning with nonsense and events that are different from the metaphysical entities that were characteristic of traditional philosophy.
What is the main principle of the philosophy of Gilles?Deleuze? The “logic of meaning”, the brief content of which cannot be conveyed in two words, answers this question. From the work it becomes clear that the main principle is to create concepts about what should only become an object, that is, something that does not yet exist. In this case, the philosopher can become a "doctor of civilization."
How do readers perceive the same work?Russia and Gilles Deleuze himself? The “logic of meaning”, reviews of which are contradictory, cannot be accepted a priori by absolutely everyone. This is not tabloid reading, not an easy novel ... There are reviews of the inhabitants, from which it is clear that not everyone was able to perceive the ideas of the thinker and gave up their attempts at the beginning. The only thing I want to advise is to be patient and nothing more.
Among the critics of Russia about the philosophical workDeleuze is mentioned by L. A. Markov with his work "Science and the" Logic of the meaning of "Deleuze". Also quite interesting is the article by A. S. Kravets entitled “Deleuze's Theory of Meaning: Pros and Cons”.
Anti-Oedipus
The project, which could bring to life GillesDeleuze and Felix Guattari, was a success among the readers. The book is the first volume of the work entitled Capitalism and Schizophrenia. The second volume was published later and is called "The Thousand Plateau".
The first work included:
- production theory;
- the genealogy of capitalism, which relied on Nietzsche, Marx, Freud;
- criticism of Marxism in all its forms, including Freudo-Marxism.
Anti-Oedipus (Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari) spoke with the concept of power and the theory of subjectivity. The authors of the work were inspired by Kant, Marx, Nietzsche.
Ideological connections
Gilles Deleuze refers to the philosophy that receivedname continental. It differs from analytic in that it puts the questions in question in the context of the story, using more synthetic terminology.
A number of researchers considered certain aspects of Delez's philosophy:
- V. Bergen studied creativity.
- F. Zurabishvili, D. Williams - event, time and force.
- D. Olkowski - representation.
- T. May - individuation and ethics.
The Thinker discussed certain problems not through polemics, but by building his own philosophy. In his understanding of philosophy, he was interested in the concepts of the thinkers of the past, but not in their philosophical systems.
How did Deleuze relate to famous pundits?
Hegel, Gilles considered the thinker of identity, according to hisin his own words, he always remained a Marxist. Marx especially liked the ideas of the outer boundary and the limit. Although, in his own words, he read Marx superficially and selectively.
Impact on modernity
Gilles Deleuze, whose books were a great successduring his lifetime, he became one of the most influential thinkers of the world already in the new century. Deleuze is supported not only in questions of philosophy, but representatives of the social and human sciences also refer to it. He is quoted in sociology, cultural studies, urban studies, film studies, literary studies, geography, and many other areas.
Его произведения получили признание во всем мире.For example, in Japan, the creation of the Thousand Plateau, especially among architects and sociologists, gained great popularity. The Anti-Oedipus book mentioned above has become popular in Brazil and Italy. In Great Britain, Deleuze’s philosophy has become popular since the last decade of the twentieth century. Famous philosopher and in Russia.
Today, Deleuze is considered as one offorerunners of speculative realism. His influence was tested by many directions, for example, actor-network theory, postcolonialism, queer theory and many others.
Interesting Facts
Since the time of his teaching at the Lyceum, Deleuze was used to dress in the classical style. He always wore a hat that became part of his image. In some photos you can see it in your favorite style.
Among the world community in different years gainedthe popularity of this or that philosophy. Gilles Deleuze and his concept also did not remain in the shadows. In 2007, he was put on the twelfth place in the list of the most cited authors among the humanities and social sciences. He even outstripped such famous thinkers as Kant, Marx, Heidegger.
Deleuze loved cinema.Together with his family, he often went to the films of Fellini, Godard and other directors. Since 1974, the philosopher began to create articles about cinema. At the same time, he began to attend the film festival of informal cinema every year. At the same time did not like to participate in the conference on philosophy.
Соавторство с Феликсом Гваттари принесло свои fruit. Together they wrote significant works. But the authors worked completely in different rhythms. Deleuze was disciplined, and Guattari was an anarchist in this regard.
