The largest state in the worldat the same time it is also one of the oldest - according to scientists, its civilization can be about 5 thousand years old, and the available written sources cover the last 3.5 thousand years. The form of government in China is a socialist people's republic.
The era of Mao Zedong
В 1949 году власть в стране перешла к the communist party. The CNPC was elected, Mao Zedong became its chairman. In 1954, a constitution was adopted. In 1956, after the victory of Mao Zedong, the policy of "big leap" and "communization" began to operate, which lasted until 1966, after which the "cultural revolution" proclaimed in 1966 began (1966-1976). Its main postulate is the strengthening of the class struggle and the “special path” of China.
China has gone a long way, much like historyTHE USSR. The reign of Mao Zedong can be compared with the period of Stalin in Russia, the youth detachments of the "Red Guard" and the repression of dissenters shook China. The form of government was actually a totalitarian dictatorship.
In the country then, as in the USSR in the time of Stalin, there was a cult of personality. During the life of Joseph Vissarionovich, relations between the two states and their leaders were very friendly.
Reforms and economic growth
Two years after the death of Mao Zedong (in 1978) a new, third PRC Constitution was adopted, still in force today, and China (the form of government in which it changed, essentially remaining the same outwardly) entered a new era. In the same year, the government declared the era of “Reforms and Openness” (which, however, did not particularly touch upon politics).
It was possible to solve the problem of nutrition, to launch the development of industry and GDP growth. The welfare of the people is believed to have improved compared with previous years.
In 2012-2013, Xi Jinping, the fifth generation of leaders since the creation of the People's Republic of China, became the Communist Party's General Secretary and President.
Ancient China
From a historical perspective throughoutfamiliar to scientists of the gap, the country went through recurring periods of unity and disintegration. The monarchical form of government in ancient China was periodically diluted with a time of fragmentation and the existence of several kingdoms or princes, which were again united under the authority of the emperor.
Точных данных касательно самого раннего времени - Neolithic (12-10 thousand BC), or of the Stone Age, - no. So far, only a few signs have been found on the shards of the Lunshan culture (the beginning of which scientists date approximately 3 thousand BC).
According to Chinese tradition, then three ruleddemigod and five emperors to whom ancient China submitted. The form of government, however, was not so much a monarchy as service — the emperors defended their people and took care of them, and power was transferred from the ruler to the most talented and decent citizen, and not to a descendant of blood.
After the "five emperors" the Xi dynasty ascended to the throne, then - Shang. There are already some written reports about the latter, however, scientists also consider the existence of the Xi dynasty to be quite possible.
"It happened before..."
После династии Шан последовала Чжоу.The rulers grew weaker, the local princes grew stronger. Finally, King Li overflowed the cup of patience with his cruelty and was overthrown, after which the princes ruled the country for 13 years without having a single ruler. In the end, the son of Lee returned to the throne.
This time ended with a period of unrest, when there were many small independent rulers and kingdoms. He put an end to Qin Shi Huang, uniting everyone under his rule and establishing a new Qin dynasty.
The new emperor managed to do a lot, but the methods of his reign were cruel. After his death, a civil war followed, ending in 202 AD. e. New Dynasty - Han.
The cycles continued with one or other variations -after the Han came the Era of the Three Kingdoms, ending with the emergence of the Jin dynasty, then again came the division, the new dynasties (Sui and Tang), which replaced them with the Epoch of 5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms, which ended with the accession of the Sung.
Three more dynasties changed, until the representatives of Qin ascended the throne, who reigned until the widow empress signed the abdication in 1911.
Period of unrest and unrest
After 1911 and before the founding of the PRC, the countrywent through a period of unrest and two world wars. Hyperinflation, the dominance of foreigners and the territory destroyed as a result of many years of hostilities is what China has become. The form of government to which the common people sought was never realized - the potential president wanted to be crowned the throne, and chaos began in the state.
Однако образование КНР принесло порядок (хотя и very specific). In just 60 years, the country managed to become a leader in the production of goods and become a potential superpower, having enough money to invest and help economies of other countries, as well as enough influence on the policies of dependent states, while remaining a socialist republic - based on recent events, the government China does not want to change anything here.
