Parliamentary Republic is a viewRepublican form of government. Its main difference from the monarchy is that the ruler in the country is replaceable and elective. The power of the head is considered to be derived from voters or from a representative body.
Parliamentary republic. Signs of
Under this form of government, the president is the state head only constitutionally. The leadership of the ruler does not apply to parliament and all its activities.
Парламентская республика предполагает, что глава The executive is the prime minister (Chancellor in Austria and Germany). It is he who carries out the whole policy. The Prime Minister and his government reports to Parliament.
The Italian Constitution states that the Presidentrepresents the unity of the whole people and is the head of the country. At the same time, another article of the Basic Law states that the direction of the general policy and the responsibility for its management lies with the head of the Council of Ministers. Thus, according to Italian constitutional norms, executive power is concentrated in the hands of the prime minister, but not the president.
Similarly, almost all parliamentary republics determine the status of the president.
Somewhat uncharacteristic for the form indicated.The governing legal structure is present in the Constitution of Austria. The law states that the highest executive bodies include the federal president, state secretaries, federal ministers and members of the state government. At the same time, there is a very detailed enumeration of presidential powers in the Constitution. This list makes it clear that the head of state is only a formal ruler.
The same situation is observed in the Basic Law of Greece.
It should be noted that the parliamentary republicas a form of government is based on the principle that the president acts as an "arbiter" balancing the branches of state power. Thus, the place of the head of the country in the structure of bodies is determined, the volume of powers, the electoral system are established. The specificity of interaction with other authorities is also determined.
The powers of the head of a parliamentary republic are similaron the powers vested in the constitutional monarch. Both in the first and in the second case the power of the ruler is purely symbolic. At the same time, during the period of political crisis, the role of the head of the country increases dramatically. Only the president is able to ensure the preservation of the continuity of power, the maintenance of political stability.
Parliamentary Republic (as a form of government)characteristic of many countries. For example, such a political system was established in the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Austria, Ireland and other powers. Of the former republics of the Soviet Union, only in Latvia is a parliamentary republic established.
This form of government, of course, has positive and negative features.
The main advantage of the system is thatmore power is concentrated in one body. Decisions are made by majority vote. In a parliamentary republic, there is no official or any body that can impede the implementation of parliamentary decisions.
In this system, the limits of responsibility for political actions are examined. In this case, the voter knows exactly who to blame for the failures.
It is also important that the government is formed directly by voters. During the elections, all candidates pass a kind of trust test.
In a parliamentary republic, the supremacy of parliament rules out the concentration of power in the same hands.
