"Mumu" - one of the most famous worksTurgenev. True, not everyone knew about it. No, not about the book, but about who wrote "Mumu". In the article provided below, both the work and its author will be considered in detail. Readers are waiting: the biography of Turgenev, the content and analysis of the story, as well as the meaning thereof.
The author of "Mumu"
Biography Turgenev
Полезным будет также узнать, что был за человек author of the story "Mumu". Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born in the city of Orel on October 28 (or November 9) of 1818, and died in Bougival, which is located near Paris, on August 22 (or September 3) of 1883, having lived 64 full years. Despite the place of his death, the writer is still buried in Russia, namely, in St. Petersburg, at the Volkov Cemetery.
Turgenev's mother was a rich landowner, and her fatherbelonged to an old noble family. However, the boy immediately hated serfdom. When Ivan was 9 years old, his family moved to Moscow, where the boy studied at home teachers and in private boarding houses until 1833, until he entered one of the Moscow verbal departments. A year later, Turgenev moved to St. Petersburg, where he moved to the Faculty of History and Philology.
His first sketches - then poetic -Turgenev decided in 1836 to show university professor Pletnev. Two years later, two contemporary works by Ivan Sergeevich, To the Medusian Venus and Evening, were published in Sovremennik.
When did the work appear?
Paint a biography of Turgenev can be veryfor a long time, but we are still interested in a specific story - “Mumu”. The author of many published works at that time was at the time of writing his famous masterpiece in the assembly. All because he wrote a response related to the death of Gogol, who the authorities did not like, for which they removed Turgenev away. It was in April 1852nd.
Retelling the work
A brief summary of Mumu is provided below.for those who either did not read this story, or forgot what he was talking about. Everyone perfectly remembers only the essence: Gerasim drowned his dog, but under what circumstances a man did it, not everyone can remember. So retelling.
Все люди побаиваются Герасима из-за его unfriendly appearance. However, this does not prevent a man from falling in love with a lovely modest girl named Tatyana. Gerasim occasionally approached her lover, smiled at her and made small pleasant gifts. That, in turn, did not respond in kind, but Gerasima himself was afraid, like everyone else, even though he treated her extremely positively. Once, the lady decided to marry one local drunk - Kapiton Klimov - in order to save him from alcoholism with the help of female caress. And she chose him as a companion of life - just like a coincidence - Tatiana. Soon the wedding was played, and even later (a year later) the girl with her husband left the city.
Once Gerasim was walking along the river andnoticed someone floundering in the mud near the shore. Looked at the man and realized that this puppy is small. Gerasim took him to himself, found out that it was a girl, but called her Mumu, because he could not say anything else.
The whole year the dog lived with its new owner.They loved each other inexpressibly, attached. Mumu has become a kind, kind-hearted dog, quite clever and quick-witted; she showed respect to all people, but she loved only Gerasimus. He, in turn, treated her about the same way as his mother to her child.
One day, when the lady hadgood mood, she noticed a dog in the yard that the bone was nibbling. She ordered to immediately deliver a little dog, which, by the way, at first attracted her. They brought Mumu to the mistress's chambers, but with the habit the pet was frightened of everything and that is why she almost pulled a woman who was pulling her hands to her. The lady was angry, and she ordered that the aggressive dog be removed from her living room. After the last night, the woman complained to the butler Gavrila that Mumu did not let her sleep, moreover, they already have one old dog in the yard, why should they have another pet? And she ordered the lady to remove the silent dog from the city.
People completed the task, but soon returneda dog to his master, who did not find himself before that place. The mistress found out about this, became angry more than ever, again ordered to get rid of the dog. And Gerasim realized for the first time that it was not just that Mumu disappeared, therefore, when subordinates of a dog's soul appeared, he said (showed) that he would kill her himself. And indeed, Gerasim carried a pet to the river and drowned it.
After the action the man collected his belongingsand left the city. The lady was upset at the loss of such a person, she yelled at the subordinates, they say, they all misunderstood and there was no order to kill the dog. Later, Gerasim was found in her own village, but the lady did not return him, considering him ungrateful. And he spent the rest of his life a man in his native land. Never once did he start a dog, never once did he look at women any more, he only worked tirelessly.
Analysis of the work
“Mumu” is a story not only about hardpeasant life, in which every slave man has to carry out any orders coming from above, but also about kindness, love and bitterness from loss. Below are images of Gerasim and a lady, as well as a discussion on the main issue that tormented more than one reader.
Image of a lady
It is impossible to deprive the attention of the main anti-hero works. So, what is she - a lady? Why does it cause the reader a persistent feeling of hostility?
First, the heartless madam.It is not known whether she knew about Gerasim’s feelings for Tatiana, the work does not say this, however, given the speed with which rumors spread everywhere, it is not hard to guess that she was probably aware of everything. In addition, she knew very well how her worker got attached to the dog, but she still gave a cruel order.
Secondly, the lady is vindictive and harmful.The decision to kill the dog came to her mind only after Mumu nearly bit her. Because of this, the woman ordered to remove the dog. Is this not rancor? Moreover, the lady pretended that she was not feeling well because of the barking. In fact, obviously, she was infuriated not so much by barking as the dog itself.
Thirdly, the mistress is selfish.She wanted to have a decent hardworking man in the yard - she brought him. She wanted two people, unsympathetic to each other, to marry - please. She realized that she had lost a man because of her own order — she blamed her people for everything, and not herself, saying that she had not asked to kill a dog. There are a lot of examples, but in all it is obvious that a lady is concerned only with her own feelings, her own gain, and she doesn’t care about the rest.
Image of gerasim
What was this rural peasant like?
First, kind and capable of sincerethe senses. Despite the external seriousness and power, so frightening the people around him, Gerasim always remained a positive hero. This is the best way to show the episode of saving a dog. His ability to love is obvious: he had been caring for Tatiana for a decent amount of time, although she was afraid of him, and he was more attached to Mum than to anyone.
Secondly, honest and open, able to keepyour word. Let it be shown to us only in the moment when, after a promise to drown the dog, he really did it, but judging by the rest of the people, they were all sure that Gerasim would not deceive. They as one asserted that once a man said - it means he will.
Thirdly, hardworking, strong and hardworking.Moving to the city did not initially like him not at all due to the fact that he would have to live among urban people, but due to the lack of a lot of work. Gerasim used to inject, moreover, he loved to do it. Everything else, after returning to his native village, he only did what he worked.
Why didn't Gerasim take the dog with him?
Surely most people after readingasked this question. Indeed, from the side of the reader, the way out seems obvious - to take the dog with you, since I was all the same going to leave the picky lady. Why didn't Gerasim do this? Had he not loved Mumu? Turgenev just mocked the reader? However, not all so simple.
During the whole work Gerasim loses something. In general, he was not originally a free man, but a peasant, but after meeting a mistress, everything turns out to be much more complicated.
First, his native village.Gerasim loved her, he liked to plow for four, he liked to work hard like a damn, he was completely satisfied with everything. However, with the advent of the new "leadership" had to leave his native village, to which the man really attached.
Secondly, Tatiana.This girl did not just like Gerasimo, he was in love with her. Perhaps this is the first representative of the beautiful half of humanity, which "brave" our brave little man. But she was also deprived by the mistress Gerasimus, having given out an obstinate shy girl for a local drunkard.
Thirdly, Mumu herself.Her Gerasim loved more than the village and Tatiana. He became attached to the animal so much that he was ready for it for many things. However what? That's right, and this happiness the lady has deprived a man.
The author of the work “Mumu” shows that everythingto which Gerasim was tied, everything that he sincerely loved flew to hell. Surely the man realized that all his feelings for something or someone make him vulnerable. He understood that he would not be living if Mumu survived. Gerasim loved her, really loved her, but he could not keep her, because the lady would not calm down until she killed the hated dog. It is because of this that he never again started anyone, that is why he no longer paid attention to women upon returning to his native village - he did not want to re-experience a feeling of affection and love, to be vulnerable again. It is hard, it is difficult, but in a sense Gerasim did the right thing.
Attachment is evil
Судя по вышесказанному, именно к такому мнению people must come. Perhaps attachment is really evil. Especially when it comes to the peasants, because we must not forget about the time when the story was written, so famous in our day. Mumu is a work proving that it is extremely dangerous for ordinary, poor people to become attached to something or someone. Moreover, it is often not only the poor who suffer.
To make it easier to understand, you can give an examplemore modern. How many films are shot where children or other close people are taken hostage for ransom or other fulfillment of any demands? Countless. And all of them show ideally that to whom a person is attached - to a woman, child, or animal - this makes him weaker, more vulnerable, and more vulnerable in the eyes of others. Those who have no one are stronger than others in moral terms. They have no weaknesses, they have nothing to lose.
Of course, one cannot deny the importance of loved onespeople in our lives. Without them, anyone will be bored, lonely and hard. However, if a person works for dangerous people who are capable of terrible acts due to their influence and their connections, one must be extremely careful in their affections.
Turgenev and Mumu
In today's world, almost everyone knowscomposition. True, often its name is coined and called, complementing, "Gerasim and Mumu." The author, despite such a small number of pages, beautifully conveyed his dislike of serfdom, expressed in the selfish, flighty mistress and the peasant forced to submit to the “superiors”. True, modern people like this work only because it makes them tear it.
Действительно, многие люди, изучающие рассказ “Mumu” Turgenev at school, wept right on the lessons because of pity for the innocent dog. What a twist of fate - Gerasim saved his pet from the river, and then killed him there too. Unwittingly attend the thought that you can not escape from fate. In this story, it seems that Mumu was destined to die in the water, and the initial salvation only delayed death.
Conclusion
So now you know who wrote "Mumu", whatmeaning the author put in his work. Of course, it is possible that everything was different, and the meaning of the story is quite different, but each of the versions has the right to exist. "Mumu" Turgenev wrote, sitting in captivity, in captivity, and the story he turned out to be appropriate - hard, serious and memorable.
