DI. Fonvizin: biography of the writer

Probably the most accurate example of the Russianliterature of the Enlightenment period - D.I. Fonvizin, the biography of this man is a clear testimony to this. With his weapon Fonvizin chose a comedy, his sharp satirical works reflect the state of affairs in the Russian Empire of that period. Fonvizin's views significantly influenced the minds of the younger generation of the nineteenth century, in particular A.S. Pushkin, who considered Fonvizin "a friend of freedom."

Childhood and youth

In April 1745, he was born.Fonvizin, the biography of an outstanding writer began in the city of Moscow. The name Fonvizin came from an ancient knightly family. The ancestor of Denis Ivanovich had German roots and was a knight who was captured during the Livonian War. The father of the future writer was a man of honor and did not tolerate lies and ignorance. The original home education to his son was given by his father, who took this very seriously.

At the age of ten, Denis Fonvizin entersnobility gymnasium, and then to the recently opened Moscow University by Moscow University Lomonosov. During these years DI Fonvizin, the biography of a young man has such information, was fond of translations from foreign languages ​​and theater. These hobbies will later on throughout the life of the writer. Together with the translations, Fonvizin absorbed the ideas of the European Enlightenment, and the theater awakened a writer's gift in the young man.

At the age of 17, Fonvizin moved to St. Petersburgand enters the service in a foreign collegium as an interpreter. As he became a courtier now, according to his status, he was obliged to attend all entertainments, such as balls, masquerades. This duty greatly hindered the young man, as evidenced by numerous letters.

At the service of Count Panin

In 1769, Fonvizin transferred to the service toperforming the functions of Minister of Foreign Affairs and educator of the heir Count Panin. At that time, the Count was known as a democrat and applied a lot of effort to mitigate the autocratic despotism. Catherine II in words advocated an "enlightened" monarchy, but in fact her actions showed

the reverse. Falling into disgrace, Count Panin died in 1783, leaving his "political testament" written down by the secretary, like-minded friend and friend DI Fonvizin.

Conflict with Catherine II

Leaving the service after the death of the Count, D.I.Fonvizin engaged in work on the creation of the dictionary of the Russian language, namely, its part related to synonyms. In carrying out this work, D. I. Fonvizin, the biography of this fact speaks unequivocally, he could not restrain himself from letting go of jokes about the style of governing the state, as well as jokes about the courtiers. These articles were published in the journal "The Interlocutor of the Amateurs of the Russian Word," where the empress was printed under a pseudonym. Between it and Fonvizin a dispute arose, which resulted in a ban on printing any works of Fonvizin.

last years of life

All the misfortunes fell on D.I.Fonvizin overnight. Deprived of the opportunity to publish his works, who suffered the bitterness of defeat in the political struggle, the ruined and seriously ill Fonvizin slowly died away. Died, as a brief biography, D. Fonvizin December 1, 1792 in St. Petersburg.