Sockets and switches are the main elementshome power. The question of their installation by their own hands for many is relevant. From the drawing up of the correct circuit of connection of switches and sockets and installation the comfort and reliability of work of all electrical appliances in the house depends.
When laying the power grid, the main factors are the safety and convenience of using outlets and switches.
Standards for installation
To determine the number of outlets and the choice of their locations, one should know the installation standards required by the PUE:
- The presence of a grounding contact with a separate input, which is not a conductor of electric current under normal conditions.
- There should be no outlets above the sinks or under them, in cabinets and other uncomfortable places.
- Sockets in living quarters and in the kitchen should be powered from separate lines. Kitchen elements and lighting can be connected in one group.
- In residential premises, it is possible to connect sockets in rooms with high humidity (bath, toilet, bath) only through the RCD.
- It is recommended to place the places of connection of electrical appliances at a distance from grounded elements: metal pipelines, shells and other engineering networks.
Norms for installing switches
- Switches are always installed in the breakage of the phase wire.
- In rooms with high humidity and in the attic, their availability is not allowed.
- Above the floor level, the switches are located at a height of 1.5 m. At the entrance to the room they are installed on the side of the door handle.
- With simultaneous switching of more than 20 lamps, only automats can be installed.
- The external socket or switch on the outer wall of the house must have a design with protection not lower than IP44.
Wiring Modes
After drawing up the circuit of connection of switches and sockets it is necessary to calculate their parameters and required cross-section of veins. Then you need to lay the wire and install the switching equipment in place.
- The installation of the wiring is done open and hidden.The first method is mainly in the back rooms and outside the house. For concealed wiring, it is necessary to make dusty and labor-consuming work of grooving the grooves for wires with recesses for junkets and junction boxes.
- The process of wall slashing is not a problem with the availability of a special tool, which is usually not in personal use. Shredders and other devices can be rented.
- For recesses under podrozetniki and grooves appliedPerforator with crown and special nozzle. The gasket is made easier if you mark the way in advance by drilling holes in the walls. With gipsokartonnymi partitions to cope much easier if you buy a special round nozzle on the drill.
- The equipment for outdoor installation is of an open type and must be protected from dust and moisture.
When wiring is entered into the room, the connection of the sockets and switches is done through different lines. They can be from two to four under the equipment:
- lighting;
- sockets for the router, computer, TV, charging the phone and other household appliances;
- air conditioner or electric heater.
The cables are connected through the end or through the junction boxes. In the first case, the wires that connect with other elements do not come out of them. The transit box has such a connection.
Installation of the socket
Connection of sockets and switches by their own hands is made by the rules.
When conducting electrical workthe whole apartment is de-energized. The wire for the outlets is three-wire, where the blue wire serves to connect the neutral, yellow-green - for protective earthing, and the latter can have any color and is connected to the phase. The wire comes from the control panel automaton or from the box. For conventional outlets, its cross-section is 2.5 mm2, but here we must take into account the power of the connected device.
The wires are passed through the holespodzroetnikov and are mounted to the power terminals of the sockets. For them, the phase is usually located on the user's left hand, and zero - on the right, when he stands face to the outlet. This is of no special importance, although for a powerful electrical equipment can be fundamentally. The ground wire is connected to a separately located contact.
Contacts can be self-clamping, wheretightening with screws is required. The bare ends of the wire are inserted into them, and the built-in spring presses them to the current-carrying terminals. Installation should be done carefully, otherwise the contacts will be weakened, and the electrical circuit will be disrupted, or the conductors will overheat in these places. No more than two cores can be connected to one terminal.
In the box, the socket is fixed with clamps.If it is fixed with spreading paws, they keep it worse. It is better to use self-tapping screws, which are screwed into the holes of the podzrozetnik. The cover of the socket must be close to the wall. It is screwed to the inside. The external socket is mounted on the wall surface and is used for open wiring. Such an installation is simpler, but for aesthetic reasons, the apparatuses try to make internal ones.
Connecting multiple outlets
Several devices are connected side by sideanother. The circuit should take into account the cross-section of the wires and the load on each outlet. The junction box for outlets and switches of the concealed installation is located in the room, and the supply wire from the circuit-breaker of the control panel is fed to it. The main connections are made in it.
It is advisable to connect to each outlet inroom separate meals. Then, if one of them fails, the rest will remain functional. The method is expensive, but it is often used because of its high reliability. Especially this applies to the connection of powerful consumers.
Parallel connection of all outlets to oneline saves money and labor for installation. The disadvantage in the connections of the devices by the loop is the disconnection of the whole group in case of a failure in the operation of one. Therefore, the first try to connect an average outlet, and from it - the rest.
Схемы подключения выключателей и розеток are made through junction boxes, where wiring connections are made using terminal blocks, soldering, welding, crimping, screw clamps. Twisting is not recommended. According to the rules, in all places where conductors are connected and branches are made, a margin is created along the length of the wire so that it can be used again to update the connection later. Boxes are recommended to have an indentation of 10-20 cm from the ceiling, where there will be no casual touches to them. They can easily be hidden and, if necessary, have access to repair wiring.
Connecting switches
Switches serve to connect power to thelights. Usually they close the phase wire. Protective and zero wires through them do not pass. To the zero wire is connected one terminal of the luminaire, and to the phase wire - the input of the switch. On the opposite side is the terminal, from which the wire goes to the second contact of the device.
Two-key switch
Rules showing how to connecttwo-key light switch, the same as the simplest device. The only difference is that the device has two terminals, which are usually connected to the chandelier. Each of them is associated with a key that enables the inclusion of a separate group of lamps. The two-button model combines two simple devices in one housing.
The advantage of the method is the possibilitysimultaneous or separate inclusion of two groups of fixtures from one device. More switchings require additional laying of the phase wires to the switch and the lamps. A diagram showing how to connect a two-key light switch is always on the reverse side of the switch. It can also be found in the accompanying instruction.
Socket-switch in one housing: how to connect?
The switch is connected from the outlet if they areare combined in a common housing. The method is used for unloading the junction box, saving the wire and connecting a nearby luminaire, for example, around the bed in the bedroom.
The connection is made as follows:
- power is supplied to the outlet in the usual way;
- the phase is connected to the breaker input;
- The protective conductor can also be connected from the socket;
- The switch is connected from the switch output and the socket outlet.
The return connection of the socket from the switch is notis done, since a zero wire is not supplied to it. The outlet can only be turned on or off from the circuit breaker located in the control cabinet.
Conclusion
Schemes for connecting switches and sockets are notare complex, but must be performed correctly. First of all, this is related to electrical safety. Step by step implementing all the recommendations of installation and correctly assembling the scheme, you can avoid many problems and ensure the reliability of the home electrical network.
