It is in the first years of life that the child hasan opportunity to learn a lot of important information. There is a special technique for the formation of elementary mathematical representations, with the help of which a small man gets the skills of logical thinking.
Peculiarities of psychological and pedagogical research
Diagnostics, repeatedly conducted instate preschool institutions, confirm the possibility of forming the foundations of mathematical thinking at the age of 4-7. That information, which falls in a huge volume on the child, involves finding answers using logical skills. Various role games on FEMP in the middle group teach preschoolers to perceive objects, to compare and generalize observed phenomena, to understand the simplest interrelations between them. As the main source of knowledge at this age is an intellectual and sensual experience. It is difficult for a child to properly build logical chains, therefore the leading role in the formation of thinking belongs to the teacher. Any lesson on FEMP in the middle group is aimed at developing children, preparing for school. Modern realities require the tutor to apply the foundations of developmental learning, to actively use innovative methods and methods of developing the foundations of mathematical thinking.
The history of the appearance of FEMP in preschool education
The modern method of forming protozoamathematical skills in pre-school children, a long historical path. For the first time, the question of the methods and content of preschool education in arithmetic was considered in the 17th and 18th centuries by foreign and domestic educators and psychologists. In their educational systems designed for 4-6-year-old children, KD Ushinsky, IG Pestalozzi, Ya. A. Kamenskii pointed out the importance of forming a clear idea of space, the measures of measuring different quantities, the size of objects, and proposed an algorithm of actions .
Children in preschool age, consideringfeatures of physical and mental development, show an unstable interest in the following mathematical concepts: time, form, quantity, space. It is difficult for them to relate these categories to each other, to order them, to apply the acquired knowledge to specific life situations. According to the new federal educational standards developed for kindergartens, FEMP in the middle group is an indispensable element.
In the concept of preschool education, there are clear requirements for the formation of the cognitive interest of future first-graders, and part of it is precisely the mathematical education.
Importance of mathematical representations for preschoolers
Teaching kids the basics of such a complex science as mathematics, occupies an important place in modern pedagogy. This interest is caused by several reasons:
- schooling starts from 6-7 years of age;
- A huge amount of information requires the child's logical thinking skills;
- introduction in the educational process of information technologies (ICT).
Features of pre-school program in mathematics
Its main direction is the formation oflogical abilities and representations, stimulation of mental activity, development of sharpness of preschool children. Any occupation of the FEMP in the middle group is aimed at developing simple judgments, developing grammatically correct speech spells.
Mathematical preparation of future schoolchildren,provided by the program, in addition to teaching children the skills of counting, develops ideas about the number and number of the top ten. FEMP in the middle group involves the division of objects into equal parts, measuring objects using conditional measures, determining the volume of loose and liquid bodies. Children in the performance of tasks offered by the educator, develop an eye, get ideas about various geometric figures, form an understanding of spatial interactions.
During lessons in mathematics, the teacherrealizes not only the basic educational tasks, FEMP in the middle group helps to realize educational functions. The teacher gives an idea to his pupils about the rules of behavior, forms in them an organization, diligence, organization. The work on the formation of the simplest mathematical concepts in children by the educator is carried out in the morning, afternoon, evening, not more often 2-3 times a week. FEMP in the middle group on GEF help the teacher develop in their wards an active civic position, commitment, perseverance and restraint.
The consolidation of logical skills is carried out intime sculpting, drawing. Designing of details from a paper (origami) promotes fastening of knowledge of geometrical figures, the size, quantity of subjects. Applicants help to develop spatial representations, such qualities of preschool children, such as accuracy, perseverance, are practiced during such lessons. Physical and musical activities include elements of the game. Math is indispensable when charging, doing exercises. Moving games the educator uses to fix the original mathematical concepts learned in the class. In summer, FEMP in the middle group is also carried out during walks, country trips.
Fundamentals of the FEMP technique
As a basis for teaching mathematicalthe skills of preschoolers, apply didactic methods: consistency, system, individuality, logic. The knowledge that the teacher gives to the kids, from the lesson to the occupation, becomes more complicated, taking into account the level of development of the children. For the repetition, special role games are used. Mathematics becomes a favorite subject for preschool children, they gladly fulfill the tasks of the teacher, look for similarities and differences in subjects, focus on small details in order to find an answer to the question posed by the teacher.
Developmental training
Classes assume the use of educators of various pedagogical techniques: visibility, gaming technology: verbal conversations, outdoor games, frontal surveys.
A special place in the preschool mathematicseducation belongs to developmental learning. Any summary on the FEMP in the middle group implies the use of visual aids (manuals, standards, pictures, photos), so that the kids get a full picture of the objects, their properties and characteristics.
Requirements for visual material in the PRI
Depending on educational tasks, individual and age characteristics of children, there are certain rules that should be fully consistent with visual mathematical materials:
- variety in size, color, shape;
- the possibility of using in role-playing games;
- dynamism, strength, stability;
- aesthetic external characteristics;
EVV.Serbina in his book offers "pedagogical commandments", which the preschool teacher uses in his work:
- "Do not rush to the result." Each child develops according to his "scenario", it is important to direct it, and not to try to speed up the desired result.
- "Encouragement is the best way to success."GEM in the middle group implies the promotion of any efforts of the baby. The educator should find such moments for which you can encourage the child. The situation of haste, created by each pupil, contributes to the rapid development of logical skills, increasing interest in mathematics.
Specificity of work with preschoolers
Preschool age does not imply the use ofnegative marks, censures on the part of the educator. You can not compare the achievements of one child with the results of another pupil, only an analysis of the individual growth of the preschooler is allowed. The teacher should use in the work those methods and techniques that cause genuine interest in his wards. Doing "by coercion" will not be useful, on the contrary, they will lead to the formation of a negative attitude towards mathematics, computing skills. If there is personal contact and friendly relations between the child and his teacher, a positive result is guaranteed.
Sections of preschool mathematics education
In the program of preschool mathematicseducation the following sections are supposed to be studied: size, quantity, geometric figures, orientation in space in time. In four years, children learn numeracy skills, use numbers, and perform verbally simple computer operations. In this period, you can play games with cubes of different sizes, colors, shapes.
During the game, the educator develops the following skills for the children:
- operating properties, numbers, objects, revealing the simplest changes in shape, size;
- comparison, generalization of groups of objects, correlation, isolation of regularities;
- independence, hypothesis, search for an action plan
Conclusion
GEF for preschool institutions contains a list ofthose concepts that should be formed among graduates of kindergartens. Future first-graders should be aware of the shapes of objects, the structural parts of various geometric shapes, the size of the bodies. In order to compare two geometric objects, a 6-7-year-old child uses verbal and cognitive skills. Research and design methods help to develop curiosity in toddlers. The educator in the development of mathematical events selects forms and methods of work that would contribute to the comprehensive development of preschoolers. In the kindergarten in the first place is not the content of the classes held, but the formation of the future student's personality.
