The mining enterprises of Russia form the basic branch of the entire economy. The development of enterprises brings the country a stable position and independence from foreign markets.
World Ranking
Historically, Russia haslarge reserves of minerals. Due to the development of mineral resources the country occupies leading positions in the world market. Large reserves do not always mean unambiguous leadership, for example, the Russian Federation has an overwhelming leadership in the world ranking for iron ore reserves, but their iron content is low. The same situation with titanium, tin, tungsten and many other metal-containing fossils.
They differ from the general position of the NorilskThe deposits, where the quality of extracted raw materials is characterized by high indicators. Today, there are large mining companies in Russia, where they develop raw materials for the production of nickel (20% of the world market), cobalt (10%), copper (3%). From the Norilsk mines, a significant amount of platinum, tellurium, palladium enters the world market. According to experts, the Norilsk reserves will last for 30 years.
Russia produces 48 types of mineralraw materials, which makes it the absolute leader among 166 mining countries. Most of the countries participating in the market operate on a more modest list - up to 10 types of minerals. The share of the Russian mining industry in the world production is about 10%, which allows it to occupy the third position of the rating.
Problems of the industry
The main problem of mining in Russia isabsence of systematic geological prospecting. All state projects in this area have been discontinued since 1966. The modern system of subsoil use by private developers does not stimulate research. As a result, the threat to the entire industry is growing. Most of the known deposits are already on the verge of depletion of reserves, and new ones do not open and there is no planned scientific exploration of subsoil.
This situation leads to dependencemetallurgical plants from external supplies. The production of aluminum in domestic enterprises is directly dependent on the components. For the production of metal, bauxite and alumina are required, their production gradually decreases. The share of own bauxite is 5-6 million tons per year, alumina - up to 2.9 tons per year, this is not enough for production capacity. The amount of purchased raw materials reaches 5.3 million tons.
In addition to insufficient exploration of subsurface resources,the problem of abandoned deposits, in the development of which no investment is made. Total copper reserves in Russia are estimated at 100 million tons. The largest deposit of this metal is in Eastern Siberia. According to the data, the Udokan deposit contains about 200 tons of raw materials, but nobody is engaged in it. Other large deposits (Oktyabrskoye, Gaiskoye, Talnakhskoye) are in development, where reserves are coming to an end.
In the bowels of Russia is up to 10 thousand tonsgold, but the situation in the gold mining industry repeats the general trends. Industrial development is conducted at the Natalka deposit and in the Sukhoy Log (1500 tons of metal per year). The share of the Far Eastern region accounts for the largest part of gold mining (up to 58%). Development and exploration of new deposits is not underway.
The basis of the country's economy
Mining companies in Russia arethe main base that forms the country's budget. The contribution to the GDP is 60-70%, the increase in the export of raw materials and finished products ensures the filling of the stabilization fund of the economy and state reserves. Mining is a complex of industries, which includes:
- Extraction of mineral and energy raw materials (oil, gas, peat, uranium, coal, etc.).
- Extraction of ore of ferrous and other metals (iron ore, chromite, vanadium, molybdenum, etc.).
- Extraction of non-ferrous metal ores (copper, tin, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.).
- Extraction of mining chemical raw materials (apatite, potassium salts, sulfur pyrite, phosphates, etc.).
- Extraction of industrial raw materials for the needs of various industries (graphite, asbestos, chalk, limestone, clay, granite, etc.).
- Extraction of precious, semiprecious, ornamental stones (diamonds, gems, etc.).
- Hydromineral direction (groundwater).
Mining enterprises of Russia are formed on the basis ofplace of mining. For a full-fledged work and reduce the cost, a complex of adjacent enterprises is usually built. Deposits of metal ores are accompanied by concentrating factories, metallurgical plants and a complex of infrastructure facilities, including settlements for workers, road junctions, energy complexes for the operation of industrial enterprises.
Large enterprises
To date, there are 24 large mining enterprises. Geography covers the whole country. The leading role in the industry is played by Siberia and the Far East.
What are the mining companies in Russia? The list is presented below:
- AK "Alrosa" (PAO) is located in the Republic of Sakha, the direction of activity is the extraction of diamonds, the share in the domestic market is 95% of the total volume of the extracted gem.
- The artel of the Amur prospectors. The company specializes in the extraction of platinum, palladium.
- JSC Atomredmetzoloto. The company specializes in the extraction of uranium ores.
- Goroblagodatsky ore management. The company is engaged in the development of a complex of iron ore deposits.
- JSC "Evrazruda", the scope of activity - the development of five deposits of iron ore.
- OOO Kovdorsljuda. At the moment is in the stage of bankruptcy.
- JSC Kola Metallurgical Company. Sphere of activity - extraction of ores of non-ferrous metals, metallurgy.
- "Metalloinvest", the core of the enterprise is the extraction of iron ore raw materials, ferrous metallurgy.
- PJSC "Mechel" (coal mining, production of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, coking coal, thermal coal).
- Priargunskoye PGHO. Specialization is the development of uranium and molybdenum-uranium deposits in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
- UC RUSAL (extraction of alumina and bauxite, production of aluminum).
- GC «Russian Platinum». Directions of activity - extraction of platinum, palladium, eolot.
- MMC Norilsk Nickel (extraction of nickel, copper, palladium and other metals, non-ferrous metallurgy).
- PJSC Severstal, one of the largest enterprisesRussia, the sphere of activity is the extraction of coal, coking coal, extraction and enrichment of iron ore, a complex of metallurgical and ore-dressing plants.
- OAO SUAL (alumina, primary aluminum, aluminum-based alloys, etc.).
- ZAO Holding Sibplaz. The company's interests lie in the mining industry, chemical, metallurgical and construction industries. Research and scientific work is conducted.
- OJSC Silvinit (potash mining, production of potash fertilizers, food and industrial salts, etc.).
- Joint venture "Mongolrostsvetmet". Specialization - extraction of gold, fluorite ore, iron ore, geological exploration.
- GOK Erdenet (development of a deposit of molybdenum and copper ore, concentrating factory, metallurgical plant).
- CHEK-SU (extraction of manganese ores of Usinskoe deposit, construction of GOK).
- JSC "YATEK", the scope of activity - the production of hydrocarbons, gas, geological exploration.
- JSC "Kaliningrad Amber Plant" (industrial extraction of amber, jewelry business).
The enterprises of the mining industry of Russia work in a complex with processing and manufacturing enterprises.
Careers
Work in the largest branch of the national economythere is always. Many seek to get into the mining enterprises of Russia. Jobs are almost always open to drivers of cargo and specialized equipment, handymen, there is a constant shortage of highly qualified welders. The list of vacancies is constantly updated, which gives all candidates a chance to get the desired position.
The bulk of enterprises are concentrated innorthern regions of Russia, where the working conditions are very complicated. Employers, in addition to high wages, offer a special schedule - shift work method. The watch can stretch from 15 days to six months, after which the employee receives full payment for the entire time. Those who have already worked in this mode, respond positively and about the experience gained, and about wages.
