Types of standards

The process of creating new technology, starting withformulating the terms of reference, is associated with the use of certain standards. Norms are mandatory within the established scope. The following types of standards exist:

1. GOST - state.
2. STP - types of enterprise standards.
3. OST - branch.

Different types of standards are mandatoryto use by institutions, organizations, enterprises of all economic branches. They mainly extend to norms, objects, parameters, designations, terms and other elements necessary to ensure the interconnection and integrity of various fields of science, production, and technology. In addition, certain types of standards are applied to large-scale and mass production of inter-branch and wide-scale use. Thus, the following elements should be referred to:

1. Norms and rules of general technical and organizational-methodical nature. This group includes preferred numbers, series of nominal voltages, frequencies, environmental protection requirements and others.
2. General requirements for goods that have cross-sectoral use (for rational resistance, resistance to external influences, etc.).
3. Main performance characteristics, technical properties for groups of homogeneous goods, as well as ways to control them.
4. Inter-industry norms and requirements for industrial sanitation and safety.
5. Notation, terms and definitions of scientific and technical nature.
6. Categories and types of standards are necessary for systemsadministrative, design, technical documentation, forms and structures of production organization, coding and classification of technical and economic information.
7. State standards, techniques, methods of verification of measuring instruments, performance techniques, accuracy standards, rules for conducting state tests.

Types and categories of standards are approved by a specialCommittee for Certification, Metrology and Standardization (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation). In Russia today there are about twenty-two thousand standards. All of them are placed in accordance with sections, groups, classes on the basis of provisions in the state classifier.

For enterprises operating in one or the otherindustry, the relevant standards are mandatory. They are also mandatory for those institutions and organizations that are consumers of goods of one or another industry.

To objects of branch standardization there can besmall-scale and batch production, certain types of goods, assembly units, parts, tools, technological equipment. The same group includes technical characteristics of general purpose, semi-finished products, materials, raw materials, methods of implementation and accuracy standards for products, technological processes for intra-industry use of a typical nature, technological standards.

Industry standards may be limiteduse of state standards for the standard sizes used in the industry, the range of products and other. At the same time, the industry norms used can not be lower than the state ones.

Standards in this or that economic sphere are approved by the ministry, which is leading in the manufacture of the corresponding product.

In this case, the established standards aremandatory only for the company that approved them. Standards may apply to product components, rules and internal regulations governing the organization and management of production, product quality, as well as monitoring and measurement techniques, tools, tools and other elements.