The fuel industry (TP) is the extraction andprocessing of fuel and energy resources. It includes gas, coal, oil refining, and peat industries. The fuel industry is one of the main branches of heavy industry.
The development of the country's fuel industry directlydepends on what kind of raw materials it has. For example, the Russian fuel industry operates primarily on the basis of the gas and oil refining industry. In Ukraine, the main fuel resource is coal. The fuel industry of Belarus develops due to extraction and processing of peat. Other types of fuel are also used, but in this article we will consider in more detail only the basic ones.
The fuel industry of Russia consists of three main industries. This is the oil, gas and coal industry.
The oil industry is a leading industryfuel and energy complex. At the global level, Russia ranks second in terms of oil production and refining and the first in terms of gas reserves and production. The main oil producing bases of the country are the West Siberian (about 70% of all extracted oil) and the Volga-Urals (20%). Approximately half of all oil produced is exported as oil products to neighboring countries. Since the transportation of oil is not a cheap process, an oil pipeline with a duration of 48,000 km was built to transport raw materials over long distances.
The bulk of the Russian gas industryis concentrated on the Orenburg-Astrakhan base and in the West Siberian deposits. According to some estimates of intelligence specialists, another large gas production base may appear in the camp - at the fields of Sakhalin and Yakutia. For gas transportation, gas pipelines are used, the total length of which is about 150 thousand km.
After the discovery of gas and oil fieldsThe use of coal as fuel has significantly decreased. If in the 50 years the share of the coal industry accounted for 60% of the entire fuel industry of the country, in our time, this figure fell to 11%. Such a rapid decline is due not only to the global popularity of oil and gas. The extraction of hard coal, oddly enough, requires much more material and physical costs. This is the development of deposits, and equipment, which today requires modernization, and the quality of the mined raw materials. In some cases, costs can exceed revenue. The simplest and cheapest way is to extract coal in quarries (open). About 2/3 of the total extracted coal in the country is extracted in this way. The extraction of coal by the open method is carried out only in the eastern regions of the country.
Fuel industry of the world
World fuel and energy industryalso focused on the oil, gas and coal industries. 75 countries of the world are engaged in extraction and processing of oil. The leading country is Saudi Arabia. Russia takes the second place, followed by the USA, Mexico, the United Arab Emirates, etc.
The gas industry is developed in 60 countries. In this industry, Russia is in the first place, on the second place - the USA, then - Canada, Turkmenistan, etc.
The coal industry of the world todayis developing slowly, since oil and gas have virtually displaced it from the world market. Coal is mainly consumed by the countries in which it is mined. For export there is only 10%.
According to calculations of specialists, coal reservesenough for about 240 years, while gas - only 65, and oil - 50 years. Proceeding from this, it is safe to say that after a while the use of coal as fuel will again occupy a leading place in the world fuel industry.
