Not everyone knows what aircraft refuel.For uninterrupted and good operation of such units requires special fuel of the highest quality. The level of flight depends largely on what was flooded into the aircraft. It should be noted that the cost of aviation fuel has increased many times due to the shortage of oil. At the moment, new formulations are being developed. So what do planes do? What fuel is used for this?
Varieties of fuel for aircraft
So, what do planes do? At the moment there are only a few varieties of fuel for this technique:
- fuel intended for piston engines;
- jet fuel for turbojet models.
Each species is developed for specific species.aircraft. Replacing fuel with another type is very dangerous. After all, the safety of all those who will be on board the aircraft depends on the fuel. It is for this reason, special attention is paid to refueling units. What is the difference between jet fuel from aviation gasoline?
Aviation fuel
Now you know what planes are doing.The types of fuel for such equipment have certain qualities and properties. What are the differences. Jet fuel, or, in other words, aviation gasoline, has recently ceased to be used as fuel. Now it is used as a solvent. Not so long ago on such fuel flew TU-22 and TU-16.
They received the same jet fuel in several ways of oil refining: by distillation or by catalytic cracking.
Features of aviation fuel
Aviation gasoline was previously considered a quality fuel. Why? There are several reasons for this:
- Detonation resistance. In other words, such fuel can be used in engines equipped with a high level of compression of the combustible mixture. In this case, the occurrence of detonation combustion is excluded.
- Fractional composition.Aviation gas can evaporate. This indicates its ability to form air-fuel working mixtures. This line is determined by the vapor pressure and boiling point.
- Chemical stability Aviation fuel is able to withstand the chemical effects of certain components during use, transportation and so on.
As you can see, aviation gasoline has many advantages. However, it is no longer used as a fuel. So how do planes fill up if aviation gasoline is not used for this purpose?
Aviation Kerosene
What kind of fuel is fueled by planes thattransport passengers and military? In such situations, jet fuel is used - this is one of the oil fractions obtained by direct distillation of sulfur and low-sulfur varieties of oil. In this case, the hydrotreating method is widely used. Additional additives are often added to this fuel.
It is worth noting that aviation kerosene, beforethan to get into the tank of the aircraft, passes 8 steps of verification. In addition, in our country, the control over fuel quality is carried out by the military. The cost of one ton of such fuel is 20-35 thousand rubles.
Kinds of jet fuel
Aviation kerosene has many features. This acidity, and sulfur, and thermostability. At the moment in our country applies several of its varieties:
- RT is a very high quality fuel.This is due to the oil fraction. Here it is 135-280 ° C and undergoes full hydrotreatment. It is worth noting that such fuel has no analogues even among the western varieties of fuel. RT is usually used for refueling SU-27 and so on.
- TC-1 is the fuel for aircraft representsis a mixture of directly purified and straight-run fractions. This fuel corresponds to the Jet-A - a foreign counterpart. In our country it is the most popular type of aviation kerosene. They are fueled by modern and old aircraft equipped with subsonic, turbojet and turboprop engines.
- T-6 and T-8B - the fuel that is producedexclusively for the needs of the military. They refuel supersonic MiG-35 fighter jets. Such fuel is obtained as a result of long-term processing of oil, which makes their cost very high.
In winter, additional additives are added to the fuel, which do not allow the fuel to change its physical properties during use.
How many aircraft have tanks
Before answering the question of how andhow much fuel is loaded into the plane, it is worth finding out how many tanks the unit has. In different models of technology, they are located almost in the same places: at the wings and in the center. In this case, fuel is consumed from each tank for specific needs. Fuel from the central tank is designed for stable engine operation. Some aircraft provide additional capacity in the tail area. This tank is necessary to adjust the centering of the unit during the flight.
Refueling process
The process of refueling an aircraft is complicated.procedure that is carried out at the airport by a group of people. For these purposes a special technique is used. In this case, the procedure takes place under the control of the filling station operator. It is worth noting that the fuel is thoroughly tested. How many planes refuel? It all depends on the type of technology. Approximately 15 tons of fuel are required for refueling the Boeing, and 15-25 tons for the Airbus.
