The power supply system of the diesel engine providesconstant supply of diesel fuel to the pump, as well as metered and timely fuel injection into the cylinders. It must be completely sealed so as not to allow third-party air leaks into the engine fuel system.
The power supply system of a diesel engine is relatively simple and includes the following basic elements:
- fuel tank, which serves to store fuel;
- air cleaning filter to eliminate possible particles that are in the air;
- fuel priming pump, for manual fuel pumping;
- high pressure pump, serves to supply fuel to the injectors;
- nozzles designed for direct fuel injection into cylinders;
- high fuel lines and low pressure fuel lines. Carry out the supply of diesel fuel from the tank to the cylinders;
- exhaust gas pipelines and silencers, which serve to divert exhaust gases and reduce their noise.
Repair of diesel power systemis to eliminate irregularities in the supply of fuel, which can occur both in violation of the tightness of the system, and when clogged filters or pipelines. If there is a leak in the system, you can visually see the fuel leak. In those areas that are under vacuum, you can determine the air leakage by not completely unscrewing the plug, which is on the fuel fine filter, and seeing a turbid stream with air bubbles. If the diesel engine power supply system has the indicated malfunctions, then to eliminate them, it is necessary to restore the tightness and pump the low-pressure fuel lines in order to remove the air that got there.
When replacing or carrying out the washing of fuelfilters use a pump for manual pumping, which is used to remove air from the system. To do this, it is necessary to loosen the plugs in turn, first near the rear and then the front ends of the fuel line, which is located on top of the high-pressure pump. After the air has been removed, the plugs are sealed tightly.
If the pump does not deliver well, the cause maythere may be irregularities in the processing of valves or jamming of the piston. It is also often the cause of the fuel pump breakage is the breakage or weakening of the springs. The specified parts are changed to new ones, only in this way can these faults be eliminated.
If the diesel power system is faultythe engine may experience interruptions in the operation of some cylinders, there may also be increased smoke and a significant loss of engine power. Often the indicator of breakdowns in the specified system is difficult and long start of the engine. This is due to the fact that the pump cannot create the required fuel pressure, therefore, its flow is reduced, and it is also possible to change the fuel delivery points. The most common pump malfunction is large wear of the plunger pairs. This may result from the use of contaminated fuel and fuel that does not correspond to the season. The use of high-quality fuel and the replacement of fuel filters will significantly increase its service life. The plunger is changed only with the liner, replacing one of the components will not lead to an improvement in pump operation.
If a spring is weakened in the nozzle, the needle is worn or clogged, the fuel supply to the cylinders is disrupted. A needle is being cleaned; if that does not work, it must be replaced.
Система питания дизельного двигателя, хотя и is relatively simple and reliable but, like all equipment, requires careful and appropriate care, then it will serve for a long time and not create additional problems. Carry out routine maintenance of the fuel system and you can avoid many of its malfunctions.
