For a normal existence and lifea person needs to create and maintain certain environmental parameters, including air. The temperature change, the accumulation of harmful impurities in it significantly affect the well-being of people and their health. To maintain the desired characteristics of the air in the room, special equipment is used.
Air Requirements
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning perform the function of maintaining temperature, humidity and concentration of harmful emissions that are comfortable and safe for humans.
According to sanitary and hygienic standards, the following air characteristics are considered favorable for a person’s stay:
- temperature is from 18 to 22 ° C, fluctuations are allowed in the summer period of 20–28 ° C, and in the winter and transitional period - up to 22 ° C;
- relative humidity of 30-60% is considered acceptable; in the cold period, the upper limit decreases to 45%.
To destroy the gas envelope around a personair movement is also important. With a maintained room temperature of about 20–25 ° C, it is recommended to adhere to an air velocity of 0.2–0.3 m / s, and in heavy work this parameter can reach 0.6 m / s. For different directions and premises apply different ventilation and air conditioning. SNiP and other relevant regulatory documents describe the necessary parameters and device systems in each case.
Types of ventilation systems
There is a certain separation of system types.maintaining a microclimate in the room. Air conditioning and ventilation can be carried out by several types of equipment, depending on the purpose and means used:
- by the method of setting the air in motion, they are divided into gravitational (natural) and systems with mechanical impulse (artificial);
- depending on the purpose - for intake, mixed and exhaust;
- ventilation systems can be both general exchange and local (zonal);
- by execution they are divided into channel and channelless.
In gravitational systems do not use fans or other mechanical means, and the movement of air is achieved by the difference in pressure of the air column.
Local ventilation is used to supplyair into certain zones and take it from there. Most often it is the place where there is pollution by technological or other secretions. An umbrella above the kitchen stove also belongs to local exhaust ventilation. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be performed as separate systems, and one equipment.
Types of indoor microclimate systems
Air conditioning is carried out to maintain the desired parameters of the environment in enclosed spaces. Sometimes erroneously, this concept is called cooling only.
Gradation of air conditioning systems is extensive, but the main difference is in what the necessary air parameters are supported for. In this case, they are divided into two large classes:
- comfortable - characteristics of the air environment are created and maintained to stay in the room of people;
- technological, the main purpose of which is to ensure the temperature, speed and humidity of the air necessary for the operation of equipment or production.
In residential, commercial, office and public areas, comfortable air conditioning and ventilation are used. To do this, use household, industrial and industrial air conditioners.
Air heating
Отопление – обогрев помещений для возврата в них heat lost during the cold period through external fencing to maintain a comfortable temperature and ensure production technology. For different purposes use different types of heaters and systems. It can be steam, water, infrared, electric and air heating.
Air conditioning and ventilation oftencombined with heating in one system. An example of this is air, in which air is collected, heated by mechanical systems and distributed back. This design can also be equipped with coolers and a mix of fresh air. In housing, water, steam, electrical and infrared systems are most often used.
Industrial ventilation and air conditioning
To create the parameters required whenmanufacturing, used industrial technology ventilation and air conditioning. They use mainly high-power equipment designed to handle large volumes of air. This is relevant for workshops, production lines, workshops, where environmental parameters are crucial for the quality of products.
This class also includes:
- aspiration systems in the woodworking industry;
- supply and exhaust systems of clean rooms (electronic, pharmaceutical and other industries).
Sometimes industrial air conditioning andAir ventilation systems include systems installed in large rooms, supermarkets and shopping centers, although in these cases they are used mainly for the comfort of people.
Installation requirements
The basis for the proper operation of all systems engineeringensuring the buildings, besides the quality of the equipment, is also professional installation and commissioning. It largely depends on the skills and education of the technical staff. The installer of ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems must have knowledge of the nuances of operation, equipment capabilities and safety regulations.
Regardless of the class of premises and their destinationThe organization of a microclimate system begins with the development of a project. It specialists must calculate all the parameters of the equipment, the number and types of components, installation steps. After that, it becomes possible to calculate the cost of the project and start the installation of the system.
Further operation of ventilation, heating and air conditioning systems without unforeseen situations depends on the coordinated work of specialists at all stages of production.
