The article will consider the disease, accompanied by a rash in children.
It often happens that babies startvarious rashes appear on the body, which may be a sign that the child has a disease. Currently, more than a hundred different diseases that may have primary or secondary manifestations in the form of a rash have been investigated. But parents do not need to try to independently understand all of these conditions, but you need to immediately consult a doctor. Only after a complete examination of the lesions on the skin can the doctor be able to determine the real cause of the rash in the child.
Causes
The main causes of the rash can be divided into four existing groups:
- allergic reaction;
- infectious and parasitic disease;
- blood and vascular diseases;
- lack of necessary hygiene.
Если главная причина сыпи на щеках у ребенка - this infection, it will be possible to observe its other signs, for example, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, fever, chills, runny nose, cough, abdominal pain, sore throat. Among other things, a rash can be the first symptom of a developing infection, and manifest the next day.
It usually follows along with other common childhood diseases, such as measles, scarlet fever, rubella, chicken pox.
The most dangerous of them is meningococcalinfection. Meningococcus is an infection most commonly called nasopharyngitis and is easily treatable, although in some cases it can lead to meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain) and blood infection (meningococcemia). A rash in a child with meningococcemia is often accompanied by hemorrhages and high fever. Such a disease can be very dangerous, because from the moment of the first manifestations to the death of a person can take no more than a day. Therefore, even at the slightest suspicion of meningococcal infection, the patient is sent to the hospital and immediately begin treatment. When treatment is started on time there are chances for a favorable outcome of 80-90%.
What other types of rashes do children have?
Allergic rash appears afterpenetration inside or as a result of contact with any allergens. In this case, allergens can become anything: nuts, milk, chocolate, certain medicines, animal hair, laundry detergent, fabric softener, body creams, clothing fabrics, and others. Also, such allergic reactions can occur even after a slight touch on something. The most common examples of this kind are rashes after nettle or jellyfish burns. If you correctly evaluate the diet and everything that surrounds your child, you will most likely be able to understand the cause of the allergy. It must be remembered that mosquito bites in a child can also cause a local allergic reaction, as a result of which numerous marks from mosquito bites can often be mistaken for a rash.
The cause of the rash in a child can bevarious skin parasites. For example, scabies manifests itself due to a mite that is able to do microscopic moves on thin skin between the fingers, on the wrists, genitals and other parts of the body. There is a characteristic itch in the affected area. Scabies is also a highly contagious disease, you need to seek treatment from a dermatologist.
Rash in diseases of the blood and blood vessels oftenhave a hemorrhagic symptom, that is, due to hemorrhages in the skin. In accordance with the pathology, it may look like a large bruise of various colors, as well as a rash in the form of small dots that covers all parts of the body.
What does the temperature and rash in a child, interests many parents.
Due to the nature of the skin of children and frequent violationshygiene common diseases in infancy are diaper dermatitis, diaper rash, prickly heat. No need to diligently wrap the child. And it is necessary to try not to allow the child to be in wet diapers or diapers. You also need to bathe and rinse the child as often as possible and let his skin breathe, it is useful to practice air baths with a rash on the child’s abdomen.
When a viral infection rash often appearnot immediately, but only two or four days after the fever began and catarrhal phenomena occurred (cough, runny nose, sore throat). Spots during measles are distributed from top to bottom: first, a rash appears on the child’s cheeks, on the head, then on the upper body, on the arms, then lower and lower, affecting the legs, covers the entire body in three days. Spots slightly raised above the skin may be large and merge.
Chickenpox (chickenpox)
Rash during chickenpox occurs more oftenjust on the face, torso and scalp. Their symptoms change over the course of the disease: first, reddish spots that protrude slightly above the skin, after a while they turn into bubbles, which contain a transparent, gradually fogging substance. The size of such wind turbine bubbles is no more than 4-5 mm. After a while they dry up, brown crusts appear in their place. A rash in a child with chickenpox is usually itchy. An important feature is the additional drops (the emergence of new elements), which is often manifested along with the heat.
What other reasons will help a child's fever and rash appear?
Rubella
Rubella rash occurs along with the symptomintoxication, fever, enlarged occipital lymph nodes. Multiple small specks (not more than 3-5 mm in size) occur in a few hours, distributed from top to bottom, but much faster than during measles, this rash reaches the feet in a day. The rash persists for three days, then disappears without a trace.
The bulk of the small rash in a child hason the buttocks and folds of the arms and legs. It must be remembered that this viral infection can be very dangerous for pregnant women because of the adverse effects on the fetus. Consequently, if a rubella was identified in a child, you should not invite pregnant women to visit.
There are other types of rashes in children.
Scarlet fever
The disease begins with the symptoms of classicsore throats Rashes come, as a rule, on the second day. The rash appears as small dots that cover almost the entire surface of the body. Especially there are many of them in the inguinal folds, in the elbow folds, in the armpits and in the lower abdomen. In the place of the most pronounced lesions, the skin has a red color, hot to the touch, swelling appear. After a couple of days, the symptoms of the disease, just like a rash on the child’s abdomen, go away, and then the skin begins to peel off.
Allergic rash
Almost always occurs suddenly, oftenaccompanied by severe runny nose and tearing, itching occurs. The rash has a relief appearance, clearly visible. When taking antiallergic drugs, all symptoms stop.
Scabies
This form of rash is accompanied by unbearable itching and looks like a dotted elements, which are arranged in pairs, next to each other. Usually located on the abdomen, hands and between the fingers.
Bite marks
What else can mean a rash on the face of a child?
Traces of mosquito bites and other insects oftencan be taken for an infectious rash. An itchy red bump (papule) appears in the area of the bite. Their frequent location, location on the body, the season of the year, and the absence of other infection-specific symptoms can help distinguish this rash from an infectious rash.
Toxic erythema
Rash on the face of a child with toxic erythemacharacteristic of half of all newborn full-term babies. The main symptoms are yellow-white papules or pustules with a size of 1-2 mm, which are surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear in small amounts or almost to complete destruction of the whole body (except for the feet and palms). Usually rashes appear on the second day of life, and then they gradually disappear. Their exact origin is unknown, such a rash disappears on their own. The causes of a child's rash are very diverse.
Acne Neonates
These are states that about 20% pass through.all newborns with an age of three weeks. A rash in the form of red papules and pustules appears on the neck, face, less often on the scalp. The main cause of these lesions is the activation of the sebaceous glands with the help of maternal hormones. Usually, the treatment of acne in newborns is not necessary, only careful hygiene and moistening with emollients is needed. In contrast to juvenile acne, acne in infants does not leave scars or blemishes after it passes for six months.
Prickly heat
A rash on the back of a child of this species is verycommon in newborns, especially in the summer season. It occurs as a result of difficulty in exiting the contents of the sweat glands and the increased moisture of the skin during re-entangling. A popular place of occurrence is considered the face, head and areas of diaper rash. Spots, pustules and vesicles almost do not inflame, do not cause inconvenience and disappear with proper care.
Actions for rashes
If a child has a skin rash, the following rules should be observed:
- In all cases, you need to call the doctor at home, in orderin the situation of an infectious lesion does not infect others in the transport and clinic. In addition, each patient with an infectious rash should be isolated from pregnant women until the doctor finds out what the disease is.
- If a child has symptoms of meningococcal infection, you should immediately call a doctor.
- Before the arrival of the doctor do not need to lubricate the skin,affected by rash, especially treat solutions with a dye (for example, "green paint"). As already known, the main causes of infection are internal. Therefore, the necessary positive effect from the processing of elements of the rash is not achieved. Everything else the doctor will be much harder to make a diagnosis.
If a rash on a child’s back was causedcontact with clothes, you need to know that in addition to fabric materials, allergic reactions can be caused by the remnants of detergent or fabric softener. In this case, you must change the manufacturer or use hypoallergenic hygiene products.
Treatment
Только после тщательного осмотра и опроса врач will be able to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. As a rule, viral infections do not require special treatment, antibiotics should be taken for bacterial diseases.
For the treatment of allergic rash in a childorigin, you just need to stop contact with allergens and suppress excessive immune response with antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids and other drugs. Given the severity of the condition, these medicines can also be used in the form of tablets, ointments or injections.
If a rash occurs due to a blood or vascular disease, the doctor should refer the child to a hematologist for an appointment.
Scabies treatment is prescribed by a dermatologist, it includes, among other things, a whole range of anti-epidemic methods.
Prevention
Prevention of childhood infectious diseasesfirst of all, it is in keeping the vaccination schedule. You need to know that a vaccine against meningococcal disease has already been developed. You need to talk to your doctor and find out what time it is best to vaccinate a child from this serious infection.
Vaccination is a great invention of peoplewhich can make it possible to prevent numerous serious diseases. But on the other hand, any vaccination for a child is a difficult test for a tender little organism. Often there are cases when children are very difficult to tolerate vaccinations, during which it may appear an allergic reaction or increase the temperature. But this does not mean that further vaccinations are no longer worth doing. You need to remind your doctor about possible reactions, and he may advise taking antihistamines a day or two before the indicated vaccination.
Allergic diseases often occur in childhood. Because children at this age still have immature immunity. And for every new stimulus, the immunity reacts super-strong.
It is necessary to gradually include in the diet of newfood, one by one. Then it will certainly be known what caused the manifestation of food allergies. A child with frequent allergic reactions must be under the supervision of an allergist. With proper treatment, in many cases when children become older, they "outgrow their allergies." So the irritant that bothered him constantly, after a few years, absolutely ceases to be felt.
