Today, the first place in medicine in importancethere is both preventive maintenance and timely diagnostics. Modern methods allow you to accurately assess the results of the tests and studies.
Along with the development of infectious pathology is goodSuch methods as enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction proved to be effective. So PCR is the most modern and, perhaps, the most informative research in immunology, but often it is necessary to resort to the use of simpler, cheaper, but no less significant methods. One of them is the ELISA of blood. Based on the mechanism of interaction "antigen-antibody", the enzyme immunoassay allows to determine not only the presence or absence of antibodies, but also their number. For this study, spinal fluid, vitreous humor and amniotic fluid can be used, but most often an ELISA is performed. The sensitivity of this biochemical method reaches ninety percent, with a specificity of 95%. If to speak about the negative aspects of this research, then it is worth mentioning, perhaps, the only one - the diagnosis is indirect. This means that with the IFA of the blood, it is not the agent itself that is determined, but only the immune response formed on it, and in connection with the different degree of activity of the immune system in humans, it is not always possible to correctly interpret the results obtained in the study. Therefore, it is necessary to correlate the results with the data on the immune activity in humans.
There are a large number of different modifications of the analysis, among which the competitive method and the double-folding method are most often used.
What is the basis of IFA blood?
Due to the attachment to antibodies of specialEnzyme labels can be used to track the presence of reactions. Running the reaction indicates the presence of antibodies in the human blood. There are special test systems that allow to determine both specific antibodies and their number. The results can be accounted for manually (by comparing the reactions obtained with the standard), and with the help of special ELISA analyzers.
The method of enzyme immunoassay allowsdetermine not only the disease itself, but also its form (acute or chronic) and stage. This technique allows even to identify clinically healthy carriers in whom the infection does not develop and does not have any manifestations.
To improve efficiency and accuracydiagnostic procedure, it is necessary to conduct a study in the initial period of the disease, as well as to identify antibodies of different classes (preferably M and G). Investigation of the IgG level is recommended in paired sera, this study is conducted at intervals of ten days. To determine the dynamics of the infectious process in time, a quantitative diagnosis is carried out. In addition, it should be borne in mind that with reduced immune activity, as well as with protein starvation, antibodies to infectious agents may not be detected.
В случае получения сомнительных результатов it is recommended that the study be re-conducted. Otherwise, we can resort to more modern and reliable methods such as polymerase chain reaction, which provides one hundred percent results about the etiology of the disease.
Therefore, the ELISA blood test today iswidely used method of diagnosing infectious diseases and allows to obtain reliable results of research on a number of issues (etiologic agent, duration of the disease, manifestations and form of the disease), and also gives an idea of the development of the process and the virulence of the strain of the viral agent.
