While the baby is in the womb of the mother,a woman is subjected to a lot of research. It is worth noting that some tests on the pathology of the fetus can reveal a lot of diseases that are not treated. This is exactly what will be discussed in this article. You will learn how to diagnose the pathology of the fetus during pregnancy (tests and additional studies). Also find out what the results of this or that survey should be in the norm.
Analyzes for fetal pathology
Almost every two weeks, the future motherto take tests: blood, urine, a smear on flora and others. However, these studies do not show the state of the baby. Analyzes for the pathology of the fetus are given in certain periods, established by medicine. The initial study is conducted in the first trimester. It includes a blood test for fetal pathology and ultrasound diagnosis. Further, the study is shown only to those women whose first results were not very good. It is worth noting that this concerns only the study of blood. Ultrasound diagnosis (analysis of the pathology of the fetus) is carried out in the second and third trimesters.
Who is assigned to study
To pass the analysis on fetal chromosomal pathologies inthe first trimester may at will each expectant mother. However, there are categories of women who are given this diagnosis without their desire. Such groups of individuals include the following:
- women over 35 years old;
- if the parents are blood relatives;
- those future mothers who have already had pathological pregnancies or premature births;
- women who have children with various genetic pathologies;
- future mothers with a long risk of abortion or those who had to take illegal drugs.
Of course, you can challenge the doctor’s decision andabandon such research. However, this is not recommended. In the other case, the baby can be born with some disabilities. Many pregnant women avoid such tests. If you are sure that you will not terminate the pregnancy under any outcome, feel free to write a waiver of the diagnosis. However, before this, weigh the pros and cons.
When the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities
So, you already know that researchheld in the first trimester. The analysis can be carried out in the period from 10 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. However, many doctors insist that diagnosis be carried out at 12 weeks to see if there is a pathology of fetal development. Causes (tests show a positive result) and diagnoses are clarified somewhat later.
If the first blood test was obtaineda positive result, then conduct additional research on the period from 16 to 18 weeks. Also, this analysis can be carried out for some groups of women if they wish.
Ultrasound diagnostics for pathology detection is carried out at 11-13 weeks, 19-23 weeks, 32-35 weeks.
What allows to reveal research
Analysis of the pathology of the fetus (decoding will be presented later) allows you to identify the likelihood of the following diseases in a baby:
- Edwards and Down Syndromes.
- Syndrome Patau and de Lange.
- Disorders in the work and structure of the heart system.
- Various neural tube defects.
Remember that the analysis result is notfinal diagnosis. Decryption must be carried out by a geneticist. Only after consulting with a specialist can we talk about the presence or absence of the likelihood of pathology in an infant.
Blood tests for pathology
Before diagnosis, sometraining. For several days it is recommended to refuse fatty foods, smoked sausage and meat products, as well as a large amount of spices and salt. You also need to exclude from the diet possible allergens: chocolate, eggs, citrus fruits, red vegetables and fruits. Directly on the day of the collection of material is to refuse any meal. You can drink water no later than four hours before blood sampling.
To pass tests for fetal pathology is quite simple. You only need to bare the elbow of the arm and relax. The technician will take blood and let you go home.
How is a blood test performed?
Doctors carefully examine the material received.This takes into account the age of the woman, weight and height. Laboratory assistants study chromosomes that are in the blood. With some deviations from the norm, the result is entered into the computer. After that, the computer technology issues a conclusion in which the probability of a particular disease is spelled out.
At the first screening, the diagnosis is carried out ontwo homons. Later, in the second trimester, technicians examine three to five substances. In a period of two to four weeks, the expectant mother can get ready tests for fetal pathology. The norm is always indicated on the form. The result is displayed next to it.
Analysis of the pathology of the fetus: the norm, transcript
As mentioned above, the final diagnosiscan only be delivered by a geneticist. However, your gynecologist can also provide a result decoding. What are the norms of test results? It all depends on the duration of pregnancy and the level of human chorionic gonadotropin in the woman’s blood at the time of the study.
Weeks of pregnancy | Protein PAPP | Chorionic gonadotropin |
10-11 | 0.32 to 2.42 | 20,000 to 95,000 |
11-12 | From 0.46 to 3.73 | From 20,000 to 90,000 |
12-13 | From 0.7 to 4.76 | 20,000 to 95,000 |
13-14 | From 1.03 to 6.01 | 15,000 to 60,000 |
In the second trimester, the following are still being evaluated.indicators: Inhibin A, placenta lactogen and unconjugated estriol. After computing the result of computing, the result is given, which can be the following values:
- 1 to 100 (the risk of pathology is very high);
- 1 in 1000 (normal values);
- 1 to 100,000 (risk is very low).
If the value obtained is lower than 1 in 400, then the expectant mother is offered to undergo additional research.
Ultrasound diagnosis of pathology
In addition to blood tests, the expectant mother must passultrasound diagnostics. The first screening assesses the overall structure of the future baby, but special attention is paid to the size of the nasal bone and the thickness of the collar space. So, normally in children without pathologies, the nasal bone is clearly visible. TVP must be less than 3 millimeters. Be sure during the diagnosis should take into account the duration of pregnancy and the size of the baby.
Ultrasound diagnosis in the second trimesterallows you to identify the pathology of the heart system, brain and other organs. During this period, the child is already quite large and you can well consider all of its body parts.
Additional diagnostics
If during diagnostics a largerisk of pathology, then the expectant mother is recommended to undergo additional research. So, it can be blood sampling from the umbilical cord or the taking of material from the amniotic fluid. Such a study can accurately identify possible deviations or disprove them. However, remember that after the diagnosis there is a high risk of premature birth or miscarriage.
If the probability of pathology is confirmed, then the expectant mother is offered to terminate the pregnancy. However, the last decision always remains with the woman.
Summarizing
So now you know which ones existdiagnostic measures to identify pathologies in the future baby. Go through all the research on time and always listen to the recommendations of the doctor. Only in this case, you can be sure that your child is completely healthy and has no abnormalities.
There is one belief:for the pregnancy to proceed normally, you need to knit a little baby thing, for example, it takes. A knitting pattern (crochet) of a beret can be found in a needlework magazine. You can also buy a finished product. Good test results and a pleasant pregnancy!
