The aim of the smear from the throat is to determine the microflora. It is carried out with inflammatory diseases. To perform the procedure, you need:
- a disinfected beaker with a stopper, through which a rod with a cotton swab at the end is passed;
- clean spatula;
- direction to the laboratory for bacteriological research.
Consider the algorithm for taking a smear from the pharynx and nose.
Technique for smearing
The oral cavity is carefully examined. First of all pay attention to zev, tongue, tonsils. The place from which the detachment is taken for the study is determined.
Hold the cork with care, remove the rod from the beaker, without touching its outer walls and surrounding objects.
The tube is then placed in a tripod. So it takes a smear from the throat and nose to staphylococcus.
The first, second and third fingers of the left handtake a clean spatula and tell the patient to open his mouth. Using a spatula, press the tongue, insert the tampon into the mouth and remove the detachable from a specific place.
Quickly and carefully remove the swab from the oral cavity and, without touching the outer walls of the beaker and surrounding objects, lower it into a test tube.
The exact time when the detachment is taken is indicated in the direction.
Not later than 2 hours from the moment of sampling it is necessary to deliver a beaker with a direction to the laboratory.
The results of the study are pasted into the medical history.
The purpose of a smear from the nose is to study the microflora of the mucosa.
It is performed in the presence of infectious diseases, related to the upper respiratory tract.
To perform the procedure, you need:
- a sterile beaker with a stopper, through which a rod with a cotton swab at the end, with the "H" marking, is passed;
- sending to the laboratory for bacteriological studies;
- holder.
The technique of taking a smear from the throat and nose is quite simple.
For carrying out bacteriological researchnecessary smears from the throat and nose. They reflect both qualitative and quantitative indicators of microflora, which is located on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. A doctor can diagnose an infectious disease in the presence of a pathogenic microorganism, and also determines the sensitivity of microbes to the action of a number of antibiotics.
Why would you need a smear from the throat and nose to staphylococcus aureus? About this further.
Indications for the appointment of an analysis of the microflora from the pharynx
The study is prescribed for the following pathologies:
- tonsillitis, which appears when the streptococcus is activated;
- a disease of furunculosis, which develops due to the multiplication of staphylococci;
- diphtheria and suspicion of it, when it is necessary to identify the bacilli of Leffler;
- colds;
- suspicion of laryngitis and mononucleosis.
In addition, the diagnosis of microflora is carried out withthe purpose of prevention in order to identify people who suffer from bacteria after the contact with the sick person. Often a person is prescribed a smear for staphylococcus, when he gets a job in medical institutions, kindergartens, public catering establishments. Pregnant women are examined in order to establish the risk of developing the disease. Special preparation for smear from the throat and nose is not required.
About microflora
On the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and nasopharynxThere is a huge number of microorganisms that can be both beneficial and pathogenic. However, they do not always cause various diseases. The main indicator is their number.
Under certain conditions, in particular, whenimmunity decreases due to acute respiratory viral infection, general hypothermia of the body, exacerbated chronic disease, occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. They begin to multiply at an intense pace.
In the absence of disease in smears cansuch microorganisms as streptococci, non-pathogenic neisseries, E. coli, meningococci, staphylococcal dermatitis, bacteroids, pseudomonads, dipteroids, actinomycetes, Klebsiella pneumonia, fungi and other bacteria are present.
Under conditions favorable to bacteria,relatively pathogenic microbes are able to cause various ailments. Also, diseases can get their development during the primary infection of the body, appearing on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
To microorganisms that are ableprovoke the development of abnormalities, should include pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, meningococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, bordetella, Leffler bacillus, listeria, branhamella, hemophilic bacilli.
The algorithm for taking a smear from the pharynx and the nose must necessarily be carried out.
Preliminary stage
In order to obtain the most accurate results of the study, it is imperative that you comply with the following recommendations:
- seven days prior to the collection of material to stop taking antibacterial drugs;
- using a rinse or antimicrobial spray is prohibited two days before the diagnosis;
- it is necessary to carry out the analysis only on an empty stomach;
- Do not brush your teeth before drinking and drink water.
If you follow the rules listed below for taking a swab from the pharynx and nose, the result will be correct.
How exactly should I take a smear?
- Seat the patient and ask him to raise his head slightly.
- From the tripod, the beaker is taken with the left hand, and the rod with the right tampon is removed. This must be done very carefully, without touching the surrounding objects with the swab.
- The bottle put in a tripod.
- Lift the tip of the patient's nose and with a light rotational movement of the right hand into the lower nasal passage to introduce a tampon to a depth of 2 centimeters.
- Remove the tampon and quickly lower it into the beaker.
- Send the tube to a laboratory for bacteriological research.
The throat and nose smear algorithm needs to be well studied.
Note
Research in the laboratory can be attributed tohelper methods. They are one of the most important parts of a patient's examination. In a huge number of cases, the data that are obtained with the help of analyzes in the laboratory are crucial for the diagnosis. The results of additional studies in the bulk depend on the correctness of the preparation of patients. Some studies can be carried out to all patients without exception, and some of them are carried out in a strict order, in accordance with the indications and depending on the diagnosis.
We considered the algorithm for taking a smear from the pharynx and nose.
