"Sweet blood" - so literally translatedthe Greek word for glycemia, which means the blood glucose (sugar). In a healthy human body, the indicator of glucose (sugar) entering the body in the composition of carbohydrates and forming in the digestive tract, and then penetrating into the blood, is in the values of 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l, only at such values does a person feel norm As a result of complex biochemical transformations occurring in the cells of the body, supplied with blood, glucose disintegrates and ATP is formed - adenosine-3-phosphoric acid - a source of unique energy for a living organism. Some organs (brain for example) use glucose as energy. If the body has received an extremely large amount of carbohydrates, then glucose will be excreted in large amounts. Excess glucose in the interaction with the hormone of the pancreas is converted to glycogen (polysaccharide), deposited by the body in the liver and muscles in reserve in case of a lack of glucose in the blood. When the blood glucose concentration is lowered, glycogen will be split into glucose. It enters the bloodstream, maintaining the glycemic index at the proper level. And if the pancreas is not able to produce insulin to the extent necessary to process the entire volume of excess glucose into glycogen, then all the glucose enters the bloodstream, which increases its concentration there, hyperglycemia occurs. It is the cause of coma in diabetes mellitus - a disease in which the pancreas is produced or an insufficient amount of insulin, or the mechanism of interaction of the hormone insulin and body cells.
Клетки печени, жировой ткани и мышц process glucose only when interacting with insulin. These organs are called insulin-dependent. Other organs - insulin-independent - do not need insulin when processing glucose (brain for example). If the pancreas is not able to produce insulin in the required amount, then the body develops type 1 diabetes - insulin-dependent. In the event that the coherence of the interaction of insulin and cells for glucose processing is disturbed, diabetes mellitus of the second type, insulin-independent, occurs. Both types of diabetes are characterized by the accumulation of glucose in the blood above the limit level, and the cells of the body, except for those organs that are independent of insulin, experience energy hunger - they do not receive the main source of energy - glucose.
Type 1 DM begins in childhood or developsin adolescence or adolescence. The reason for such an early disease lies in the hereditary predisposition of the body and the simultaneous effects of adverse factors - stress, viral infections, malnutrition, lack of vitamins and trace elements.
Type 2 diabetes is for adults and the elderly. Causes - heredity, obesity and atherosclerosis, hypertension.
Diet food
Диета при сахарном диабете обоих типов играет crucial role. The diabetic diet should ideally be 20% protein, 30% fat (better than plant origin), 50% “long-lasting” carbohydrates, that is, those that are absorbed by the body with difficulty. Food should be rich in vitamins and trace elements, especially for vitamins C, A, E, group B, and of the trace elements in the first place - iodine, iron, zinc, manganese. It is necessary to replace some (harmful to the diabetic) products with others - safe and useful. And for this you need to clearly know what you can and can not eat with diabetes. The daily diet should be calculated with counting calories.
For normal carbohydrate metabolism to helpAn organism diabetic suffering from any type of disease should eliminate easily digestible carbohydrates from the diet. What can not eat with type 1 diabetes? These are sugar, pure glucose and all culinary products that contain these products: ice cream, condensed sweet milk, coffee and cocoa, jam, syrups, jam, jams, marmalade, sweet drinks, honey, any confectionery , baking. Sweeteners add sweetness to food, which is selected depending on the heat treatment of the dish. What kind of vegetables and fruits in diabetes are used in diabetes with the obligatory calculation of calories in the daily diet? Those in 100 grams of which the carbohydrate content is more than 10 g. These are vegetables: potatoes, green peas, beets, kohlrabi cabbage, parsnips, parsley, carrots, beans, onions. From fruit: bananas, grapes, pineapples, persimmon, figs, dates, apricots, pomegranate, cherry and sweet cherry, peaches, pear, mulberry, plum, mountain ash red and black. Berries: strawberries and strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, currants (any), wild rose. What can not eat with type 2 diabetes? Products and culinary products that are prohibited in type 1 diabetes. But, in addition, you need to comply with additional restrictions aimed at anti-sclerotic aid to the body. It is necessary to include in the diet fiber, bran bread, more low-calorie vegetables, to reduce the caloric content of the daily diet - especially with excess weight.
