One of the items on the list of compulsory inspectionsspecialists, hardware diagnostics and laboratory analyzes "analysis of feces for eggs of worms and scraping for enterobiasis". In view of the fact that this item is usually removed from the beginning of the list, the attitude of adult patients and parents of the children being surveyed is often quite mediocre. At the same time, the prevalence of parasitic diseases is extremely wide. And the consequences that they can cause are quite serious.
The prevalence of intestinal parasites
About fifty (of 287) different helminthshave a wide circulation in man. The most common are ascarids and pinworms. Their prevalence among the child population can reach 60-70%. In adults, they are detected not more often than every tenth patient surveyed.
These statistics are explained by the transferthe causative agent in the form of mature (invasive) helminth eggs. At the same time, a primary analysis for enterobiasis and egg worms can detect only about a quarter of all cases of infection. The eggs are spread by fecal-oral, alimentary (through food and water) and by contact method.
Preventive purpose of research
Like any other method of diagnosis, definitionInfection with helminths has its own testimony. The analysis on enterobiasis and eggs of the worm is carried out at planned inspections of children who do not attend preschool institutions. These studies are assigned when registering a child in kindergarten, school, before going to children's health camps and sanatoriums.
To detect infection, tests are prescribed andadults. Nutrition workers are also regularly analyzed. Scraping on enterobiasis and egg worm is a mandatory plan for the survey of employees of preschool institutions. Scheduled hospitalization, processing of the sanatorium card and employment in certain industries will not do without these studies.
Suspicious "seven" and 15 reasons for concern
Analysis for enterobiasis and eggs of the worm is necessaryDo this in the event that there is a combination of the seven characteristics listed below. If you identify fifteen items urgently and urgently, you should seek medical help.
21 question with the answer options "yes" or "no":
- Is there an anal itch of a periodic or permanent nature?
- There were skin rashes?
- There are other manifestations of allergy (runny nose, cough, lacrimation)?
- Worried periodically nausea or vomiting, not related to errors in nutrition?
- A constant bitter taste in your mouth?
- There is bloating, an unreasonable disorder of the stool?
- Are there abdominal pains that go away on their own?
- Is the periodic yellowing of the skin determined?
- Are there enlarged lymph nodes?
- Is there a periodic unclear increase in body temperature?
- Worry about frequent headaches or dizziness?
- There is a violation of sleep (superficial, insomnia, with nightmares)?
- There was a snoring or a squeak of teeth in a dream?
- There is a loss of efficiency, general weakness and fatigue, chronic fatigue?
- Muscles or joints began to hurt for no apparent reason, which is more pronounced at rest?
- Are swelling of the feet?
- Decreased or increased appetite? Is there a loss of body weight?
- Do you prefer meat of weak roasting ("with blood"), like lard, dried fish, sushi?
- Do you often eat vegetables "from the garden" or unwashed fruits, greens?
- Does one of the family members work in kindergarten, boarding school, other children's institution, or in the family have preschoolers?
- Do you work "on the ground", have mammalian pets?
It is worth noting that this test is indicative, and its clinical significance can be justified only when consulting a doctor and conducting laboratory diagnostics.
Reliability of laboratory studies
Having a very wide prevalence and highinfectiousness, helminthiases represent a certain complexity for laboratory diagnosis. The fact is that these diseases can be reliably detected only by detecting helminth eggs in the material under investigation. And, despite the fact that the analysis itself on enterobiasis and eggs the worm will take no more than one working day, or more precisely - several hours, parasites are detected only in a third of cases in clinically detected carriers. Therefore, for an accurate negation of helminthiasis, the tests should be repeated several times with a break in two or three days.
Patient preparation and sampling
Egg worms are found in feces.Accordingly, for this analysis, it is necessary to take several portions of fresh feces. Before defecation it is necessary to empty the bladder, so that the material does not get urine. Stool samples are taken from different parts of stool. For the convenience and simplicity of material sampling, you can use a special plastic container equipped with a spoon attachment fixed to the inside of the lid. Any special preparation for delivery of this analysis from the patient is not required.
The situation is somewhat different if theanalysis for enterobiasis. How to take the test: the patient's preparation consists in the absence of treatment (toilet) of the anal area immediately before taking the material. A scraping is done, a smear-imprint. The study is conducted in the morning, if possible - immediately after awakening. The equipment used for this analysis must be clean, dry and not in contact with the external environment.
Scraping for enterobiasis, analysis. How do they take the material?
Soskobom principle of taking material is called conditionally. Naturally, nothing will shake. More precisely, the material intake is called a smear or imprint, depending on the equipment used.
When taking a smear a sterile tube is used(glass or plastic) with a sterile cotton swab, which is removed from the tube just before taking the smear. It is inadmissible to touch the tampon to anything, except the area of the anus. After the material is collected, the cotton swab is neatly placed in the test tube, and the latter is hermetically sealed.
The imprint is carried out according to the same rules assmear. The difference is that instead of a cotton swab with the anus area, the sticky side of the film of a special slide glass is contacted. To remove the material, the strip is carefully peeled off and applied to the area under study. Then, too, without touching anything else, it must be glued to its original place. The slide should be placed in a dry, clean container.
And in either case, with an independenttaking a scraping, in the laboratory it must be delivered within half an hour. Temporary storage of the material taken at a temperature of four degrees Celsius above zero on the Celsius scale is allowed for not more than eight hours. However, it should be borne in mind that the reliability of the study is reduced at times with every hour after taking the material.
What if I need it urgently?
When preparing medical documentation(medical book), sometimes there can be a situation when the need to take an analysis of enterobiasis is put before the patient as a fact. What to do if you urgently need to do an analysis on enterobiasis? How to take the test? Very simple. In the same way as in a routine order, but with an update on the urgency (often you can pass the analysis right in the laboratory).
Timeframe for the analysis
The laboratory needs some time forcarrying out such a study as an analysis on the eggs of the worm and analysis for enterobiosis. The terms of the study vary (they depend on the workload of the laboratory). But in most cases the result is known within a few hours after the material has been submitted for research. Sometimes the answer can be provided on the next business day.
About how much analysis is done for enterobiasis,must be recognized in the laboratory. In this case, you can clearly plan further actions, especially if they are associated with an upcoming trip or a device to work.
"Shelf life" of analyzes
Most clinical trials havelimited time of action. This applies to the analysis of helminths. To find out how much the analysis for enterobiosis is valid, you can directly at the time of delivery of the material to the laboratory or the doctor who prescribes the examination. According to the adopted standards, the validity of research results is limited to ten days.
This is of no small importance in the survey,not connected with the diagnosis of diseases. Knowing how much the analysis on enterobiosis is realistic, it is possible to plan this research along with other tests, so that by the time the medical documents are issued, they arrive at a sanatorium or have planned hospitalization, they have not expired.
Helminthiases, in addition to unpleasant sensations andcan cause serious diseases. The presence of ascarids, pinworms and other intestinal parasites causes persistent allergies, disrupts metabolic processes, negatively affects the intestinal microflora. Toxins released by adult individuals have a negative effect on immunity, hematopoiesis processes affect the nervous system. Helminths can cause tumor growth. When moving, they can cause mechanical damage to the walls of the intestine.
Having a wide spread, they representvery serious danger to health. Especially it concerns the first group of risk - small children. Considering how much analysis is done for enterobiasis and egg worm, regular examination of kids, family members, where there are small children, food workers, DDU employees, owners of pets, can be recommended. This can significantly affect the spread of parasites.
