With a broken leg, bone damage occurs,integrity and their functions are violated. Only 30 bones make up the skeleton of the leg - thigh, knee, tibial and fibula bones, foot. In case of injury, they can break into several fragments. Any changes in the bone tissue require immediate treatment and proper rehabilitation.
Foot injuries
Any change to one of the bones results intransformation of both form and function of the entire foot, which causes the development of secondary arthrosis and flatfoot. For a more accurate diagnostic picture, a radiograph of the leg is carried out in 2-3 projections. Fracture requires urgent reposition of fragments. Gypsum for fractures of the leg (posterior process) is applied for 2-3 weeks. The remaining injuries of the talus require isolation for 4-5 weeks. Full rehabilitation occurs after 2.5-3 months.
Talus is the only boneless muscle inthe formation of the arch of the foot, it plays a significant role. Such fractures belong to the group of heavy injuries and are the result of a unsuccessful jump, a fall from a height, or a tucking of the foot.
Symptoms of leg fracture:
- sharp pains;
- swelling in the damaged area;
- visible hemorrhage;
- limited movement;
- foot deformity.
Scaphoid bone. Leaning on the foot is almost impossiblehemorrhage and swelling on the back of the foot are observed. The probing of the bone causes great pain. Requires radiography in 2 projections. On average, a plaster cast is fixed for a period of 4-5 weeks.
At fracture of the metatarsal bones observedlocal swelling on the sole and back side. Feel pain on palpation and reliance on the leg. Multiple fractures are characterized by swelling of the entire foot and hemorrhage. Radiography is needed in 3 projections. If there is no bias, the back gypsum tire is superimposed for 3-4 weeks. The displacement of the bones requires closed reduction, open osteosynthesis and the imposition of skeletal traction. The treatment lasts at least six weeks.
Phalanxes of fingers.Fracture of the toe causes puffiness, bluing, sharp pain during movement and palpation. A hematoma forms under the nail. After a radiograph made in 2 projections, the back tire of plaster is applied for 4-6 weeks.
- Leg fracture with displacement requires long andcomplex treatment. Vivid symptoms are sharp pain, swelling in multiple fractures of the entire foot, hemorrhage. It is impossible to rely on a leg, radiography is required in three projections for an accurate diagnostic study.
- Fracture of the foot without displacement often occurs due to an unsuccessful fall on the heels. Bone fragments remain in the correct position.
- Closed leg fracture does not entail the trauma of soft tissue. At the time of injury, you can hear a characteristic click. After a fracture, the foot is sore and swollen.
- In a consolidated fracture, a callus, that is, a spliced fracture, forms at the site of the violation of the integrity of the bone.
- Jones fracture - injury of the fifth metatarsal. Localization occurs in the widest part of the base of the V metatarsus, which is less than all supplied with blood.
- Stress fracture (crack) occurs as a result of a sharp increase in the load on the bone or developing osteoporosis.
Fracture of the big toe automatically depriveshuman full movement to recovery. The bones of the toes are different from the wrist in size, the first is thicker and shorter than the second, which is associated with the functional load that the foot experiences in this area as the body moves.
Leg fracture: thigh
Closed fracture is accompanied by painfulsensations, limited mobility, open - severe blood loss. Possible shortening and deformation of the injured limb. You can get such a fracture as a result of a car accident, with an unsuccessful fall from a height. With intra-articular damage, pain in the state of rest does not practically bother, it increases with movements.
With a vertical fracture, intolerable pain occurs during the slightest movement in the hip joints.
Fractures of the foot bones in children
Due to the anatomical features of the bonesystems occur some leg fractures, characteristic exclusively for children. Despite the activity and mobility of children, they are much less likely to suffer from fractures than adults. This is due to low body weight, well-developed cover of soft tissues. The periosteum in children is thicker and abundantly supplied with blood, which provides even greater protection for the bones. For children are characterized by:
- breaks;
- epiphyseolysis;
- osteoepiphysiolysis;
- apophyseolysis;
- subperiosteal fractures.
Bone tissue in children grows together quicklythe rule is without serious consequences with a properly designed treatment regimen. With the wrong accretion of bones and fragments, pain will appear not only during movement, but also in a state of rest. Trouble will be swelling and deformity of the foot.
A crack is an incomplete fracture of the leg, the bone tissue is partially damaged, and no displacement occurs. Symptoms are often similar to signs of fracture, so an x-ray examination is required.
When bruised soft tissues suffer, the performance of the limbs is not lost. Signs of injury:
- bruises, abrasions;
- swelling;
- you can lean on your leg, the damaged limb is functioning normally;
- bruising.
If the foot moves to hurt, perhaps a crack has formed, you need a snapshot.
Dislocations are dangerous in that the restoration of the functions of the foot is extremely difficult in the two articulated surfaces. Competent and timely treatment will eliminate the need for surgery.
Crunch in the joints
It arises due to improper anatomicalthe structures of tendons or ligaments that are set in motion while walking. A characteristic click is heard when it is hooked over the protrusions of the stones that are nearby. The cause of the development of the pathological process can be: an infectious disease, congenital defects of the foot, a sedentary lifestyle.
Treatment of foot diseases and surgery
Treatment of foot diseases includes:
- physical rehabilitation (physiotherapy, massage);
- anti-inflammatory drug therapy;
- prescribing drugs to improve blood circulation;
- taking analgesics;
- folk methods to eliminate puffiness;
- operative intervention;
- wearing orthopedic shoes and insoles.
The decision on surgical intervention is taken when conservative treatment methods have failed.
First aid for fracture of the foot bones
First aid for toe fractureor foot requires immediate immobilization (immobilization) of the limb. It is necessary that the injured leg takes the correct position, the shoes are removed immediately, later, when the leg is swollen, this will be extremely difficult. With an open bone fracture of the leg, it is forbidden to carry out independently manipulations to reduce joints.
The bleeding stops first, the skin around the wound is treated with a disinfectant, and a sterile dressing is applied to the affected area.
It is possible to immobilize the leg by imposing an “improvised” tirefrom boards, ski poles. They are superimposed on the inner and outer surface of the leg. In extreme cases, the damaged leg is fixed to a healthy bandage.
Rehabilitation and recovery after injury
The main task after the fracture is to restore joint mobility and muscle function. Rehabilitation includes:
- Exercise therapy, therapeutic massage, rubbing;
- performing a special set of exercises;
- normalization of the diet, the use of foods enriched with calcium.
После снятия гипса часто наблюдается отечность due to impaired blood flow. Good helps from stagnation rubbing cedar oil. The next rehabilitation stage after rubbing will be baths and exercises.
Immobilization and orthosis
The most important point that beginstreatment - immobilization of the damaged joint in a convenient way. Orthoses are a kind of external skeleton, completely reflecting the anatomy of the limb. The main task of immobilization is to ensure the rest of the damaged area of the body.
Exercises and exercise therapy
Это самый действенный и безопасный способ restore the performance of the joint and muscles. Exercises are performed after a preliminary warm-up, gradually. A positive effect will be achieved with regular classes. The simplest exercises for daily performance:
- kick a leg sitting on a chair;
- rotational movement of the foot;
- walking;
- swing legs crossed.
Leg after fracture of the ankle heals especially long.
Orthopedic insoles and massage
Orthopedic diseases of the foot, as a rule,are progressing. With the help of insoles and shoes you can prevent the formation of pathologies or slow down their development. Insoles are necessary for the proper functioning of the foot.
Massage is one of the most important points.recovery after bone fractures. The leg in the plaster is devoid of normal lymph flow, therefore it swells. To avoid stagnation, restore vascular tone, and need a massage. In addition, acupuncture massage helps to restore the entire body. It is important to know which points are responsible for which body:
- the pads of the extreme phalanges of the fingers - the paranasal sinuses;
- the fold of the third and second fingers is the eye area;
- the anterior and lateral plantar surfaces of the feet - zones of the bronchi, throat;
- the anterior portion of the arch of the foot on the left leg is the organs of the cardiovascular system;
- the depth of the arch of the feet - the solar plexus, stomach, adrenal glands and kidneys;
- the depth of the arch of the right foot is the region of the liver.
Osteotomy is an operation performed to correct the deformity by artificially fracturing a bone to give it a proper position.
Osteosynthesis is a procedure for joining bone fragments, which is necessary for their firm fixation to fusion.
Resection involves the elimination of the affected bone area for the treatment of certain pathologies. It is performed in case of a bone tumor, tuberculosis in order to restore the shape and integrity of the bone.
Preparations for the restoration of cartilage and bone
Special medicines and vitamin complexeshelp restore cartilage and bone tissue and reduce stress on the joints. Strengthen the connective tissue of the ligaments and bones vitamins and minerals. Vitamin D deficiency provokes inflammatory processes. Vitamins C and B5 are required for the synthesis of collagen. Preparations will help to get the maximum preventive and therapeutic effect:
- glucosamine sulfate;
- calcium in the form of easily digestible forms;
- chondroitin sulfate;
- vitamin D;
- collagen in the form of the daily norm of gelatin in 10 g.
In the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is recommended to use tools to improve blood circulation. The severity of a fracture depends largely on its location.
