Открытый перелом является достаточно серьезным damage to bones, which is accompanied by destruction and nearby soft tissues. As a rule, the integrity of the bone is disturbed by falling, mechanical impact, exceeding the load on this or that part of the body.
There are specific features thatcharacterized by an open fracture. First of all, the symptoms differ in the place of localization. For example, with a fracture of the tubular bones, there is a significant shortening of the damaged limb, there is a sharp pain and increased mobility in the fracture zone. If an open fracture of the patella is fixed, then this area swells due to swelling and hemorrhage, the supporting function of the body is broken, it is impossible to flex or unbend the leg painlessly. With a fracture of the foot, there is also swelling and an increase in size, pain during movement.
Of course, an open fracture of the leg requiresimmediate medical assistance to the victim. The final result of treatment and restoration of damaged bone depends on this. First of all, you should reduce pain with analgesic drugs. Further, be sure to ensure peace and immobility of the damaged part of the limb. For this purpose, it is advisable to use various improvised materials, if there is no special tire. These are wooden slats, sticks, cardboard and other dense materials that will help fix a broken leg. For example, if a person has an open fracture of the shin, the tire is superimposed on the area of damage. It is very important to fix it correctly, using dressings or usual strips of clean tissue. Note that the tire is applied only to the bare limb, pretreated with an open fracture with disinfectant and antiseptic means (iodine, alcohol, cologne, streptocide), which makes it possible to exclude the possibility of infection into the wound. In no case do not engage in self-correction of bones at home, the limb must be fixed in the position in which it is after injury.
Very often the victim has a strongbleeding, which should be stopped in time to prevent large blood loss. Typically, the best option is the application of a tight bundle or bandage. Preliminary determine the nature of bleeding. It is venous and arterial. Arterial blood has a bright scarlet shade, and it flows with jerks. To stop it, you need to transfer the artery above the damage zone for 1-1.5 hours. Venous blood has a dark red color, but flows smoothly. In this case, the dressing is superimposed below the damage area.
After first aidit is necessary immediately to address to experts as it is necessary to establish correctly position of fragments of bones for correct coalescence. Currently, various metal elements (plates, nails) are used, which allow to accelerate the process of healing and recovery of the body.
The most common complications afterobtaining an open fracture are impaired blood circulation and motor function of the limb. In addition, the age of the patient is of great importance, since at a young age the bones coalesce faster than in the elderly. Over the years, calcium is washed out of the bones, and they become more fragile, which leads to increased traumatic danger even with a slight impact or pressure on the bone. Therefore it is necessary to be very careful, especially in winter on slippery roads.
