Fracture of the pelvis is one of the most severeinjuries of the musculoskeletal system. This trauma is often accompanied by heavy bleeding, internal injuries and, accordingly, pain shock. Among people who received a pelvic fracture, the death rate is very high, and many people who managed to survive remain disabled for life.
Most often, a pelvic fracture occurs as a result ofits squeezing in the lateral or anteroposterior position. This can happen when you hit or fall from a high altitude, as well as during accidents. Depending on how the fractures are placed in relation to the pelvic ring, a pelvic fracture is classified into:
- marginal fracture, the crest, the iliac wing, the lumbar spine, and the pearl of the sacrum, coccyx and ischium are damaged;
- a fracture passing through the pelvic ring and not violating its continuity: fractures of the ischium or pubic bone, or a fracture of the ischium bone on one side, and the pubic fracture on the other;
- a fracture at which a violation occurscontinuity of the ring. It includes ruptures of articulations, simultaneous fractures of the sciatic and pubic bones, fractures of the pelvic bones along with ruptures of articulations;
- fracture of the acetabulum without dislocation or dislocation of the femoral head, fracture of the acetabulum, and also other pelvic bones;
- combined fracture of the pelvis, which causes damage to the internal organs of the abdomen, skull, thorax, spine and extremities.
Fracture of the pelvis: treatment and first aid
When this injury is received, the injured in the firstturn complain of pain in the pelvis. This is a serious injury and in every third case there is a traumatic shock, with heavy bleeding. If there was a combined fracture, traumatic shock occurs in the majority of victims. In the provision of first aid, the health worker should immediately determine the mechanism of injury, which will help to more accurately determine the localization of the fracture.
When carrying out the first inspection,pay attention to the presence of bruises and abrasions, as well as the possible visible deformation of the pelvis. Palpation should be carried out very carefully, it will help to determine the place of the greatest soreness and the place where the displacement of bones occurred.
The patient who received the pelvisask for urination, if it is not able, then you can release the urine with a rubber catheter. The presence of urine in the blood can indicate damage to the kidneys, bladder or urethra. In all cases, with rupture of the bladder, the victims are not able to independently urinate. If rectal examination of the rectum reveals blood, this may indicate damage to the rectum.
Treatment of a person who received this traumait is possible only in a hospital. First, he is given an X-ray and instrumental examination. The patient also undergoes an intralusive anesthesia according to Shkolnikov-Selivanov, skeletal traction and treatment on a hammock.
Fracture of the pelvis: consequences
When providing timely and professionalmedical care, pelvic fractures heal well. If adjacent tissues have been severely damaged during injury, the patient may be limping for quite some time, as the muscles and ligaments slowly recover. If the nervous tissue is damaged, chronic pain, damage to some joints and sexual dysfunction may occur.
conclusions
Fracture of the pelvis is difficult to initialdiagnosis, as usually the victim is in serious condition and can have other injuries. This trauma requires transport immobilization, which will not allow additional displacement of fragments, as well as shock and bleeding. A person who received a pelvic fracture should be urgently hospitalized in a specialized hospital.
