In some cases, a preliminary medical examinationis a prerequisite for hiring. The conditions for its conduct are dictated by the established legislation. The purpose of the survey is to protect the health of the worker directly and those who are contacted in the work environment.
There are cases of ignoring rules and order.conducting inspections. This can occur on the part of both the employer and the employee. It is necessary to figure out in what cases and who need to undergo a physical examination.
Types of medical examinations
Routine inspections of workers - complextherapeutic and prophylactic measures taken to identify deviations in health, prevent the development and spread of diseases. Depending on how often preventive medical examinations are carried out, they are classified as follows:
- periodic;
- preliminary;
- extraordinary.
Each type has a specific purpose, dates, testimony, order, the required documentation.
Periodic medical examination
Поступающие на работу должны проходить surveys throughout the entire period of work in accordance with the position held. This is carried out in order to confirm the professional suitability of the employee and in time to prevent or detect a developing preventive disease.
Health - a state of complete mental,physical, social, and mental well-being, not just the absence of disease. Its level varies depending on many internal and external factors. Periodic medical examination reveals the dynamics in changes in health that occur under the influence of factors of labor. Identification of problems allows you to take the necessary measures in the early period of the development of pathology.
Medical examination has the following features:
- It is held in the terms established by the legislation.
- Frequency depends on working conditions and factors of production.
- Persons under the age of 21 are examined annually.
- Conducted on the basis of the roll-call list, formed by the administration of the enterprise, which is sent to the territorial medical-preventive institution.
- The employee receives a referral for a physical from the employer.
- The employee is examined by all necessary specialists, laboratory and clinical analyzes are carried out in full.
- On the basis of the results, a final conclusion is made, in which professional suitability and the ability of an employee to hold office are determined.
Frequency of inspections by type of work
The list of works for which routine inspections are mandatory, as well as the frequency of examination:
- high-altitude and climbing works, labor associated with cranes and elevators - every 2 years;
- maintenance of electrical installations, commissioning and installation work - every 2 years;
- forest guard, work with the forest - every 2 years;
- oil and gas industry, offshore drilling - every 2 years;
- underground work - annually;
- hydrometeorological facilities - annually;
- work in the field of geology, topography and construction - every 2 years;
- maintenance of pressure tanks - every 3 years;
- machinists, workers boiler, gas inspection - every 2 years;
- work with explosive and flammable substances - annually;
- work in the banking, collection structure, security, other types of work related to the use of firearms - annually;
- work with mechanized installations - every 2 years;
- work in school-preschool, medical and preventive treatment institutions, pharmaceutical organizations, medical industry - annually.
Extraordinary inspections
According to the law, every personoccupying a position in an enterprise has the right to an extraordinary examination in accordance with medical recommendations, during which time he will be retained in his position and salary.
Passage of this type of physical examination does not have a fixed periodicity. Conducted in two cases:
- employee's initiative - he has health complaints related to occupational hazards or other reasons;
- Employer's initiative - has suspicions that the employee’s health level has deteriorated due to the negative impact of working conditions or other reasons.
Based on the application of the worker or letter toHealth facilities of the enterprise administration issue an order for referral for an extraordinary examination. The document indicates the period during which the examination will take place, data on the medical institution (name, address, location of the enterprise) and the amount of the salary for the period of absence of the employee.
In addition, all costs of an extraordinary inspection are borne by the employer, regardless of who initiated the appeal to the health care facility.
Why conduct a preliminary survey?
A preliminary medical examination is conducted forin order to assess the state of health of the applicant for the purpose of employment, its compliance with the future incumbent position, as well as to identify the presence of diseases at the time of employment.
The following groups are subject to mandatory examination:
- Minors citizens.
- Employees whose preliminary medical examination is provided for by regulatory legal acts:
- persons engaged in heavy and hazardous work;
- posts related to the transport industry;
- food production staff;
- persons working in a trading environment;
- employees of children's and medical institutions.
- Persons conducting preventive medical examinations which are provided for in other legislative documents.
On the basis of government orders approvedlists and regulations that are the basis for the examination of employees: on harmful and dangerous substances, work and specialties, general and highly specialized contraindications of a medical nature, on the procedure and rules for conducting examinations.
Direction and procedure for its preparation
To the person entering the work, the administration of the enterprise issues a referral for a physical examination. It contains the following data:
- name of the enterprise, form of ownership and economic status;
- data of medical health care facilities, with an indication of its address and code for the OGRN;
- what inspection will be conducted;
- FULL NAME. and the date of birth of the applicant;
- division to which the future place of work belongs, what position it will hold;
- production factors.
The document is confirmed by the signature of the authorizedpersons, indicating his surname, first name, patronymic and position. The employee is issued under the signature, and the authorized person keeps records of issued directions.
The order of the survey
After receiving a referral, the employee addresses toThe specified medical institution. Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are supervised by a general practitioner who independently summarizes a comprehensive examination.
Other narrow specialists involved in the examination:
- oculist;
- otorhinolaryngologist;
- the neuropathologist;
- surgeon;
- dermatovenereologist;
- dentist;
- infectious diseases (if indicated).
From laboratory and functional methodsThe examinations are performed annually with radiography of the lungs, electrocardiography, blood tests for syphilis, bacteriological smears for gonorrhea, carriage studies for intestinal diseases and helminthiasis.
Women examines a gynecologist, takes smears oncytological and bacteriological examination, and after 40 years, breast ultrasound, mammography and mammologist consultation are mandatory Men undergo an oncological examination at the urologist with a digital examination of the rectum.
It is mandatory to pass a complete blood count,specifying the level of formed elements, hemoglobin, color indicator, developed leukocyte formula, ESR. Clinical analysis of urine determines the presence of sugar and protein, specific gravity, sediment microscopy. A biochemical examination of blood.
For all categories of persons undergoing preliminary medical examination, an examination of the state of health by a psychiatrist and a narcologist is mandatory.
According to the results of examinations of narrow specialists and clinical examinations, the therapist makes a decision on the suitability, presence or absence of systemic diseases.
Psychiatric examination
Some working conditions require psychiatricexamination, and not just an examination by a psychiatrist, conducted in the context of a routine medical examination. The survey is conducted by the following persons:
- minors;
- the future position is associated with increased hazard conditions (chemical production, weapons-related activities, high-altitude or underground work, transport industry employees);
- teachers;
- catering workers;
- medical workers.
The inspection process takes place inspecialized institutions licensed for such activities. The commission consists of 3 specialists. The legislation says that a medical examination by a psychiatrist is voluntary, but in case of refusal to undergo an examination, the administration of the enterprise has the right to refuse employment to the person.
In order to be examined, specialists includedas a member of the commission, they may request additional information from the administration of the enterprise, about which the employee is informed. The decision is made by voting and issued in writing within three days.
According to the results of the survey, the commission has the right to recognize the worker as unsuitable for performing a certain type of activity (up to 5 years), but with the possibility of further re-examination.
Examination by a narcologist
Preliminary medical examination by a narcologistconsists of three stages: direct examination, psychological testing, laboratory examination of blood. Drug testing allows you to identify possible signs of the disease, and if they are found, the employee is sent to the hospital for further examination.
In the absence of problems, a certificate is issued confirming the passage of a routine examination. The document conforms to the set pattern.
The examination by a narcologist is carried out at the place of registration or in regional centers (for villagers). The expenses are paid by the company that sent the employee for examination.
Features of documentation
The person who will undergo the preliminarymedical examination, the health facility provides the direction received from the employer, proof of identity (birth certificate, passport), health certificate (if available), the decision on psychiatric examination (in cases established by law).
Medical examination of workers requires the preparation of certain documents. It:
- Medical outpatient card - it records the data of the examination by doctors, test results, the conclusion of the survey.
- Sanitary book is issued if the employee is stillit does not have. It clarifies the data on the organization of the employer, the personal data of the employee, and the brief conclusions of the doctors during the examination. The sanitary book is assigned once, even if the person changes his place of work.
Conclusion on fitness
Mandatory medical examination of workers requires the fixation of the final decision, according to the results of which the employer will be able to employ a specialist. The following information is indicated in the conclusion:
- date of issue;
- Full name, gender, date of birth of the employee;
- information about the employer;
- the working conditions of the person, with an indication of the structural unit, future position, hazards;
- the final result (identified or not identified medical contraindications for holding a future position).
The conclusion is signed by the therapist, pointing personaldata and assuring personal seal and seal of the medical institution. The document is drawn up in several copies, one of which is entered into the employee's outpatient card, and the other is issued to him.
Employer Costs
Under the law, all costs for mandatorypreliminary and periodic medical examinations are the responsibility of the employer. Costs are classified as those that provide normal working conditions and safety measures and are documented.
Budget or private enterprise, employeeswho will participate in medical examinations, concludes an agreement with a health care institution that has a corresponding license. Payment takes place in stages. 30% of the cost of services is paid in advance, and the final payment takes place on the basis of the survey.
Conclusion
The administration of the enterprise not only has the rightbut it is also obliged not to allow an employee who did not undergo a medical examination without a valid reason to work or be employed. In case of evasion from the preventive examination, the employee is suspended from the labor process without saving wages. Timely inspection allows not only to preserve the health of the worker, but to prevent the development of possible diseases.
