Each person is born with the features already programmed by the genotype, such features are typical for the shape and size of the body, as well as the proportions of its individual parts.
This is the constitution (or constitution).Distinguish between hypersthenic, normostenic and asthenic physique. Proportions and body sizes are determined using anthropometric research. In anthropometry, separate sub-sections are identified that deal with the study of certain parts of the body. So craniometry measures the size of the skull, osteometry examines the size of the human skeleton. When talking about the types of physique, somatometric studies (part of the anthropometry described above), which are mainly represented by measuring growth, waist circumference, chest circumference, diameters and body weight, are most often implied.
What is an asthenic physique?
Today, as mentioned above, there is a huge number of different variants of somatotyping, in our country the most common is the classification of somatotypes in Chernorutsk.
On the basis of her data, the normostenic typePhysique is characterized by an average level of development of the musculoskeletal system and proportional body size. Asthenic physique is characterized by a clear predominance of body length over the width, limb lengths compared to the length of the trunk. Such a physique is characterized by a weak development of the muscular system. The body of the asthenic is very slender and often lean.
Hypersthenic as opposed to asthenicThe physique is a kind of opposite, with a relative predominance of transverse dimensions over the length of the body. People with such a physique are characterized by a certain fatness, the size of the abdomen clearly predominate over the size of the thorax.
Like any other body type, asthenicphysique is nothing but programmed at the genetic level, inherited and transmitted from generation to generation, the characteristic predispositions and features of the proportions of the body.
Why are the types of physique necessary, and what kind of application do they find in people's daily lives?
First, depending on the buildthe level of metabolic activity (the rate of metabolic processes) is determined. This information is used by both doctors and nutritionists in the compilation of rations.
Secondly, there is a definitepredisposition of people of one type or another to a certain number of diseases. So asthenic physique indicates a predisposition of a person to gastritis, peptic ulcer, as well as to the emergence of tuberculosis. The doctors noted that the last in asthenics proceeds much more severely than in persons with other somatotypes.
Hypersthenics are characterized by diseasescardiovascular system, cholelithiasis, metabolic disorders. Among the disorders of metabolism in hypersthenics there is a serious risk of developing diabetes mellitus.
Dependence of the development of this or that pathology wasproved in clinical trials. Today, doctors all over the world know that even blood counts in people of different somatotype are different, for example, an elevated blood cholesterol level in hypersthenics or increased oxygen saturation in asthenics.
All these features point to a subtle connectionbetween the constitution of the body and possible diseases. Given these predispositions, modern medicine allows for early diagnosis of a developing disease even at the stage of hidden clinical manifestations. Such early detection allows not only to successfully carry out treatment, but also to be engaged in prevention with visible success.
