Today, every couple can plan a birth.children and control their sex life thanks to the merits of the pharmaceutical industry. A huge selection of contraceptives allows you to choose the appropriate method of protection against pregnancy and / or sexually transmitted infections.
Overview of some contraceptives
List of means and methods of protectioncalculated in a dozen positions and more. This interrupted sexual intercourse, and the calendar method, and the use of spermicides (the so-called non-hormonal tablets and suppositories), and common condoms, and hormonal patches, rings, and intrauterine devices, and injections, patches, and oral contraceptives. More information about each method, especially the pill, is on.
Interrupted intercourse
Most Unreliable Protection Optionspregnancy - interrupted sexual intercourse and calendar method. PPA is generally difficult to call a contraceptive method. The essence of the method is to extract the penis before ejaculation.
In 60% of couples that are protected by PPA,pregnancy occurs in the first year of use of the method. And according to statistics, 80% of women who become pregnant “accidentally” were protected by interrupted sexual intercourse. The problem is that not all men feel the beginning of ejaculation. One "wrong" movement, and the probability of getting pregnant increases significantly.
Calendar method
The method is slightly more efficient than the previous one - 65% There are 10-15 pregnancies per year per one hundred women who have risked protecting themselves in this way. This method becomes more relevant after 30 than for young girls. Only girls and women with a regular menstrual cycle can allow themselves to be protected in this way.
The essence of the method is to calculate the calendarso-called dangerous days and not have sex in this period. In general, from the 16th day before the expected start of the next menstrual period, the probability of conception is greatest. The most dangerous days fall in the middle of the cycle - from the 12th to the 18th day of the cycle (with a 28-day cycle).
Minuses:mistakes, irregular cycle, in which it is almost impossible to accurately calculate the day of ovulation, hormonal disruptions. There are other nuances - if sexual intercourse occurred a few days before the expected ovulation, sperm can live in the genital tract for several days and fertilize the egg even after such a seemingly long time. To improve the reliability of this method of contraception, you need to learn how to correctly calculate dangerous days. In addition to the calendar method, you can use test strips for ovulation or follow the charts of the basal temperature.
Spermicides and non-hormonal tablets
Another not very effective way (70%reliability) - spermicides. These are special substances that are inserted into the vagina and have a negative effect on the sperm, after which they can no longer fertilize the female egg. Means are sold with a similar mechanism of action with pharmacies in the form of candles, creams, capsules or tablets, which are injected directly inside before sex.
Such non-hormonal birth control pills(which is better to choose, reviews of different types - below) are used by many women, who for one reason or another are afraid to take conventional OC (oral contraceptives). Such non-hormonal tablets are recommended for use in women in pre-menopausal age, in patients with endocrine disruption, individual sensitivity, and an adverse reaction to normal OC. Importantly, these birth control pills can be used for HB (breastfeeding).
How to choose non-hormonal contraceptives? The rating of the best is presented by such tablets:
- Pharmatex. Available in the form of tablets, cream and candles. The average price of a pack of 12 tablets is 250 rubles.
- "Gynecotex". The same release form, price - 100 rubles for the same 12 tablets.
- "Benatex". The cost of 10 tablets - 250-300 rubles.
- "Erotex". Price 5 pcs. - 110 rubles.
- "Contratex".
How to choose pills?It is advisable to consult with your doctor, otherwise it is worthwhile to focus on personal feelings when using. Some pills, for example, cause itching in some women, which disappears when switching to drugs of another brand.
Barrier contraception
Barrier methods protect not only from conception andunwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted infections. But the reliability of such means is not 100% (moreover, not a single contraceptive means is 100% reliable, except that full abstinence from any kind of sexual contact), but is only about 85%. The use of condoms is a barrier method, but they can be torn, and then all efforts will go in vain, and lubricate the sensations of sexual intercourse.
Hormonal patches and ring
Other non-invasive methods include patches andhormonal ring. The effectiveness of such funds reaches 92%. The patch is glued to the skin, but it is noticeable, requires regular replacement and is not suitable for use by women with a weight of more than 90 kg. The ring is inserted into the vagina, but also has drawbacks: in some cases it can cause a change in the nature of menstrual bleeding and disrupt the regularity of menstruation. These methods do not have additional contraceptive effects, such as treating acne, relieving PMS symptoms, or preventing seborrhea.
Implants and injections
Hormonal implants and injections are essentiallythe same oral contraceptives, ie, birth control pills, only with a different mechanism of action. If substances from tablets are absorbed through the digestive tract, injection contraceptives are administered intramuscularly. The frequency of injections is once a month or three months. Implants are inserted into the shoulder and require replacement only once every five years. The effectiveness of the methods - 90-99%.
Such contraception, however, can causemigraines, changes in the menstrual cycle, hormonal disruptions, decrease in sexual desire or increase in body weight. Injections and implants, as a rule, are not used by young, not yet giving birth women, this method of contraception is more suitable for women from thirty to forty years old who do not plan to have a child in the near future.
Intrauterine device
The second most effective method of contraception afterContraceptive pills - intrauterine device. The method also refers to the barrier ones, only the helix is established in the uterine cavity, preventing the embryo from fastening. But the installation of the spiral can cause changes in the nature of menstruation, sometimes causes intermenstrual bleeding, pain, increases the risk of developing various inflammations and the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy.
Oral contraceptives
Oral contraceptives protect againstunwanted pregnancy, but not from diseases transmitted by sexual contact. The newest birth control pills also have an additional effect: many drugs contain the active form of folic acid, so that they alleviate the symptoms of PMS, have an antidepressant effect, help fight acne, improve skin and hair condition. The reliability of OC is 99.7%, but this method of contraception requires prior consultation with a gynecologist, care and organization of the woman during the reception. It is about this method of planned contraception and will be discussed further.
OK classification by hormone content
All birth control pills are divided into 2 large groups: combined oral contraceptives (CEC) and mini-pill. KOC includes an analogue. estrogen and progestogen.The mechanism of action of such tablets is that they block the onset of ovulation (the maturation of the egg and its readiness to conceive), make the implantation of the egg into the uterus impossible due to "glandular regression" and thicken mucus, which violates the promotion of sperm to the female germ cell.
KOK are divided into groups on the variation of hormones and theircontent. So, there are monophasic, two- and three-phase tablets (in more detail about them - below), as well as microdose, low-dose and high-dosage COCs. Microdose OK are suitable for young girls, as the content of active substances in tablets is minimal. Contraceptive pill rating of this type is represented by the following:
- "Jess"
- "Marvelon".
- "Klayra" (the only three-phase tablets in the list of microdosing).
- "Dimia".
- The Zoeli.
- Logest.
- "Mersilon".
- "Lindinet".
- "Novinet".
Low-dose OK are suitable for both young andmore mature women can be used by those patients who have intermenstrual bleeding when using microdosing tablets. These birth control pills are suitable for women who have given birth. In addition, low-dose OK prevent hair growth in unwanted places, eliminate the increased oily skin and acne, reduce the appearance of seborrhea.
The rating of contraceptive pills with low dosage of active substances is represented by the following COCs:
- "Yarin.
- Tablets "Janine".
- "Silhouette".
- "Diane".
- Tablets "Femoden".
- "Three-merci".
- "Lindinet".
- Tablets "Silest".
- Miniziston and others.
High-dose OK can only be taken byrecommendations of the gynecologist. Such drugs are used, as a plant, for therapeutic purposes (for the treatment of endometriosis, hormonal disorders and other diseases). In the rating of contraceptive pills with a high concentration of hormones such are OK:
- "Non-Ovlon".
- Triquilar.
- Ovidon.
- "Trizeston".
- "Three-Regol".
Another type of contraceptive pill, mini-pili, contains only progestogen. The mini-saws affect the childbearing system only at the local level:
- increase the viscosity and quantity of cervical mucus, which prevents the free movement of spermatozoa;
- change the biochemical and morphological structure of the uterine endometrium, which makes it impossible to secure the embryo even in the case of fertilization.
Only half of the women completely block the ovulation of the mini-drank, but this does not affect the reliability of tablets as a method of protection.
The rating of contraceptive pills like mini-pili is represented by the following products:
- Charozetta (800 rubles per pack).
- "Laknet" (530 rubles).
- "Orgametril" (1100 rub.).
- Exluton (1250 rubles).
There is also emergency contraception, whichis used if unprotected sex has occurred, which can lead to pregnancy. Such contraceptive pills are taken within 72 hours after sex. A common example of this type of OK is “Postinor”. It is necessary to drink contraceptive pills within 72 hours after intercourse, otherwise there will be no effect from emergency contraception. To use such drugs constantly can not.
Monophasic, two-and three-phase preparations
COCs vary in content variation.hormones, divided into monophasic, two- and three-phase. In monophasic tablets, the percentages of substances do not change in each tablet, in two-phase ones, the ratio of active components changes in the first and second half of the cycle, in three-phase ones, the percentage of substances changes three times per package.
Monophasic birth control pills:
- "Regulon";
- "Rigevidon";
- "Janine";
- "Silhouette";
- "Lindinet";
- "Logest";
- "Femoden";
- "Mikroginon" and others.
Two-phase OK:
- Femoston;
- "Binovum";
- "Bifazil";
- "Adepal";
- "Anteovin" and others.
Three-phase drugs are represented by "Three Mersey", "Triziston", "Three-Regol" and others.
How to choose suitable birth control pills
Choose birth control pillsalone or even with the help of a pharmacist in a pharmacy is impossible. To find a suitable contraceptive, you must go to the doctor. The gynecologist will conduct a survey of the patient, find out if there are any diseases (were there in the past) and which ones, will inspect. During the examination, the gynecologist will measure the patient's weight, blood pressure, assess the condition of the skin, palpate the breast and prescribe tests. You may also need to visit an ophthalmologist, as long-term use of OA increases the risk of various eye diseases.
Таблетки, которые лучше всего подойдут пациентке, the doctor chooses according to the phenotype. The phenotype takes into account the growth and appearance of the woman, the mammary glands, the degree of hair growth, the condition of the skin, hair, chronic diseases, the nature and frequency of menstruation, the presence and severity of PMS, and so on.
There are three main phenotypes:
- Women of low or medium height, skin and hairwhich are prone to dryness. Menstruation is plentiful and long, the cycle is more than 28 days. Medium- and high-dose COCs, such as Milvane, Triziston, Femoden, and others, are suitable for such patients.
- Women of medium height, with hair and skinnormal fat, with medium breasts. Symptoms of PMS in this type of women do not or they do not cause negative, painful sensations. Standard menstrual cycle - 5 days, every 28 days. Pills "Marvelon", "Regulon", "Three-Mersey", "Silest", "Logest", "Three-Regol" and others (most of the KOCs on the market) are suitable.
- Women who are tall,underdeveloped mammary glands, oily hair and skin. Menstruation is frequent and painful, but scanty, PMS symptoms are often severe. Pills "Yarin", "Jess", "Zoeli", "Dimia" are suitable.
Oral contraceptive rating
Oral contraceptives are too diverse.to form a general rating. But still, the recommendations of gynecologists and feedback from patients allow us to identify several of the best KOK of the new generation. Contraceptive pill rating is represented by such drugs:
- "Jess." Not only perform a direct function, i.e.protect against unwanted pregnancy, but also treat a number of gynecological diseases, hormone dependence, improve skin and hair condition, reduce the appearance of PMS and relieve painful periods. How to drink birth control pills "Jess"? According to the instructions, you need to start the reception on the first day of your period, pink tablets should be taken every day, and from the 25th to the 28th day you should take white (placebo). After the end of the cycle, start the next pack.
- "Jess Plus".The same "Jess", only part of the active form of folic acid, which normalizes the psycho-emotional state and allows you to avoid unpleasant consequences if the pregnancy still happened: the body will be ready to bear the child, despite taking pills. If the patient decides to cancel reception OK to become pregnant, you can start planning in the next cycle after the cancellation. In addition, "Jess Plus" is a birth control pill that does not get fat. The latter is confirmed by patient reviews.
- Tablets "Janine".According to the girls and women who took "Janine", this drug reduces sex desire, but is reliable. In addition, "Janine" - this is the birth control pill, which is not fattening, as evidenced by many reviews.
- "Marvelon".OK is recommended for use by women after 25-35 years of age who are of child-bearing age, but have already given birth. The hormone content is minimal, but the pills are suitable for patients who are sexually active. Like other OK, "Marvelon" improves the appearance, condition of the skin and hair, normalizes hormonal balance and reduces hair growth in unwanted places.
- "Regulon", instructions for use, price, reviewswhich many women are interested in, costs about 1,150 rubles (63 tab.). Take the pills should be daily, from the first to the twenty-first day of the cycle. This is followed by a seven-day break. After the break, you need to start taking again, even if the monthly has not yet stopped, the drug "Regulon". Instructions for use, price, reviews need to be studied before purchasing. The opinions of the patients are contradictory: some women became irritable and gained weight, noted significant deterioration of health and menstrual cycle failure, others were completely satisfied with the drug, while others did not suit them.
- "Depo Provera".Tablets are recommended for women over the age of forty, can be used during the treatment of various kinds of gynecological diseases. There are injections - the doctors claim that this is how “Depo-Provera” is much more effective than in the form of tablets.
- Pharmatex. This is a non-hormonal contraceptive that is inserted directly into the vagina in the form of candles. It is recommended to use "Pharmatex" to women from 45 years, leading an active sex life.
- "Ярина".The drug is low-dose and has antiadrogenic effect. Some patients claim that they managed to get pregnant while taking "Yarina" strictly according to the instructions. How to take birth control pills "Yarin"? It is necessary to drink OK every day, starting from the 1st day of the cycle, in the order indicated on the blister.
- "Laktinet" - this is not a combination of funds, andmini-drank, which have a number of contraindications, so that before starting the reception, you should consult a doctor. Tablets are suitable for women after 45 years, patients with diabetes, varicose veins, smoking, nursing.
- Contraceptive pills "Silhouette".Many patients note a visible improvement in the appearance of the skin and hair, stabilization of the menstrual cycle, reduction of painful sensations during menstruation and symptoms of PMS. But the contraceptive pills "Silhouette" can cause weight gain - about half of women complain of such a side effect.
Side effects of taking contraception
Reliable, safe (if you consult a gynecologist before taking) and a convenient method of contraception - birth control pills. Side effects, however, are also available. Among them:
- nausea;
- absence of menstruation;
- lack of appetite;
- weight gain;
- uncharacteristic discharges between periods;
- dizziness, headaches;
- decreased libido;
- leg swelling;
- pain in chest.
In the event of side effects, birth control pills are canceled.
Contraindications to admission
Contraindications to the reception of OK include:
- hypertension;
- kidney pathology;
- pregnancy;
- serious diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- migraines of unknown origin;
- preparation for operational intervention;
- overweight (more than 30%);
- smoking after 35 years (for some pills this fact is not a contraindication - a mandatory consultation with a doctor is necessary);
- diabetes (you can use some OK) and so on.
Whether to take birth control pills - personalevery woman's choice. This is a reliable means of contraception, which is convenient to use for those who have an active sex life. At the same time, there are a number of side effects that occur if you choose the wrong means. So, the main thing to be guided in when choosing and taking birth control pills is the recommendations of the gynecologist.
