First medical aid for poisoning: it is important to correctly prioritize

By poisoning, doctors understand getting intothe human body is harmful to health (and sometimes life) substances - poison. It can penetrate through the respiratory tract, be swallowed, sucked through the skin, enter the blood directly at injections. In everyday life, poisoning implies ingestion of toxins with low-quality food products, as well as ingestion of inedible liquids (household chemicals or cosmetics / perfumes, acids, alkalis, salts of heavy metals). Therefore, first aid for poisoning will be considered precisely in the event of the latter situations.

1. Первое, что нужно сделать, - это прекратить intake of poison in the body. This means that it is necessary to stop using the substance with food or drink, wash the poison from the skin, take the person out of the room in which the toxic product has been sprinkled.
2. Emergency treatment for poisoning isextracting as much poison as possible from the body until it is absorbed into the blood. This is the most important point for such lesions, which is based on what substance and which way got to the person.

a) If the poisoning occurred substandardfood product, a mandatory event - gastric lavage. In this case, it is not necessary to add potassium permanganate to the water, and simple water will suffice - not warm, but cool (so that it does not soak, but comes out with the toxin). The main thing that the substance was washed as best as possible: drink a liter of water - put pressure on the root of the tongue, causing vomiting,

and so several times.Also, the first medical aid in case of poisoning consists in setting up an enema (the water is cool). This is exactly where you can add a sorbent (the best are such drugs as Smekta, Atoksil, White Coal, but you can also use Activated carbon, ground into powder).

b) If the lesion has occurred by inhalationaerosol, to flush the stomach is meaningless. In this case, breathing with fresh air will help as first aid in case of poisoning. In the future, a person may need to inhale an oxygen mixture, sometimes even through an artificial ventilation apparatus.

c) If a person has swallowed an acid or alkali,it is impossible to flush the stomach, causing vomiting: a reverse current of the damaging substance can damage or cause more damage to the esophagus, stomach, and pharynx until the perforations in these organs form.

In this case, you can drink binders andcoating substances: 0.5% tannin solution, a mixture of starch or flour (70 grams per liter of water) or proteins of raw chicken eggs (less preferable, as it is possible to catch salmonellosis). If there are no such substances, drink a sorbent: if there is only “Activated carbon”, then 10 tablets of this medication should be crushed into powder and drunk with a glass or two of cool water.

Then take a laxative (at least sunflower oil). Setting an enema in this case is also justified.

3. The toxin absorbed into the blood must be neutralized.To do this, you need to call an ambulance and go to the hospital where antidotes are found - substances that react with poison (these are mainly medicines) and form non-toxic compounds for the body, which are excreted further with urine, feces and breathing (depending on the kind of poison).

four.First aid for poisoning is also to ensure and maintain vital functions. This is a resuscitation: an indirect heart massage, breathing from mouth to nose (preferably) or mouth to mouth. If a clinical death is recorded as a result of the poisoning (i.e., there is no heartbeat), breathing has ceased, and also in the event that a person is disturbed by pain behind the sternum, gastric lavage and enema are done after rendering assistance. If your heart hurts, you need to take a drop of "Corvalol" or "Valocordin" or a pill "Validola."

Loss of consciousness is not a contraindication for washing the stomach and intestines.

5. A person should drink enough liquid: fractionally, in small sips. The calculation is as follows: 40 ml / kg of weight plus the volume of the liquid that was lost with vomiting and diarrhea.

When do I need to call an ambulance?

- If the poisoning was caused by an acid, alkali or other toxic compound (not expired food).

- If the victim is a child or an elderly person.

- If there was a disturbance of consciousness (evenshort) pain in the sternum. If you were able to carry out resuscitation measures correctly, you need to call not just the Ambulance, but the resuscitation brigade.