Spikes are "strings" of connectivetissues that are formed as a result of surgery, inflammation or injury. Any surgical intervention in the pelvis or abdominal cavity leads to adhesions. Protection of a living organism from the spread of inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity is the main function of adhesions.
Postoperative adhesions.
Adhesions after surgery are formed due to:
- rough manipulation of the fabric;
- the presence of blood;
- tissue ischemia or hypoxia (this is an insufficient supply of blood and oxygen to the tissues);
- drying the tissue during surgery.
To foreign bodies causing adhesions,include particles of adhesions from the doctor’s gloves, suture materials, fibers from tampons or gauze. Adhesions after surgery are also formed during endometriosis. This is when a small amount of blood enters the abdominal cavity during menstruation, containing uterine mucosa cells. These cells can be removed with the help of their own immunity; in case of any malfunction, they live functioning islands, which are secreted inside the abdominal cavity. Near these islands and formed spikes.
Adhesions after surgery: symptoms.
Adhesive disease can begin asgradual or sudden increasing pain, increased bowel movement (peristalsis), which may be accompanied by a rise in temperature, severe vomiting, weakness and a decrease in blood pressure.
Adhesions after surgery: diagnosis.
The presence of scars and various adhesions in the abdominalcavities may be suspected in patients who have had a pelvic disease, women who suffer from endometriosis or have undergone surgery in the abdominal cavity.
A gynecological examination will suggestthe presence of adhesions in the abdominal cavity of women with a probability of 75% with the help of ultrasound, but the patency of the fallopian tubes does not allow us to exclude the presence of these adhesions, which seriously impedes pregnancy. Promising diagnostics of adhesions are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Thanks to this method, pictures are taken that reflect the general condition of the body and the course of the disease.
Laparoscopy is one of the main methods for the diagnosis of adhesions, which makes it possible to assess the severity and treat adhesions in the early stages of their manifestation. There are three stages of the formation of adhesions:
Stage I, adhesions are around the fallopian tube or ovaries.
Stage II, adhesions are located between the fallopian tube and the ovaries.
Stage III, there is a dense blockade of the egg.
Adhesions after surgery: treatment
The main method of treatment of adhesions after surgery islaparoscopy. Special micromanipulators produce adhesiolysis - this is the dissection and removal of adhesions. The method of separation of adhesions includes aquadissection, electrosurgery, laser therapy. For the prevention of new formations after laparoscopy, use the following methods:
- enveloping the ovaries and fallopian tubes with a special polymer absorbable film;
- the introduction of a barrier fluid (povidina, dextran) between the anatomical structures.
Prevention
Among the preventive measures the most important- stop the process of adhesions, or reduce their number, density and distribution in the abdominal cavity, while maintaining the normal healing process.
All methods of prevention can be divided into groups:
1. Surgical methods and their use;
2. The use of drugs and mechanical barriers - the so-called additives;
3. Physiotherapy procedures.
Whatever the disease, it is much easier to prevent than to treat it. Be healthy!
