Releasing hormones are neurohormonesa person who synthesize the nucleus of the hypothalamus. They oppress (statins) or stimulate (liberins) the production of tropic hormones in the pituitary gland. The work of the endocrine glands is activated, and the regulation of their release of hormones occurs. The higher departments of the central nervous system and the endocrine system are in close connection because of the releasing hormones.
Functions of the hypothalamus
One of the important components of the endocrine system,responsible for the production of hormones - the hypothalamus. The substances produced by the hypothalamus are hormones involved in the metabolic processes of the body.
In the hypothalamus there are nerve cells,providing the development of the necessary substances needed by the body for normal functioning. These cells are called neurosecretory. Their task is to receive pulses that transmit different parts of the nervous system. Isolation of elements occurs through axovasal synapses.
The hypothalamic-producing releasing hormones, or,as they are called in another way, statins and liberins, are extremely necessary for the normal functioning of the pituitary gland. By their chemical nature, they are peptides. Thanks to chemical and nerve impulses, their synthesis occurs, they are transported to the pituitary gland by blood on the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
Classification of hormones
Consider the most famous releasing hormones:
- Inhibitory secretory function of the pituitary gland - it is a question of somatostatin, melanostatin, prolactostatin.
- Stimulating - we are talking about melanoliberin, prolactoliberin, folliberin, lyuliberine, somatoliberin, tiroliberin, gonadoliberin and corticoliberin.
The listed substances, more precisely some of them, can be produced by other organs, not only the hypothalamus (for example, the pancreas).
Statins and Liberians
The functioning of the pituitary gland directly depends on them. They also affect the functioning of peripheral endocrine glands:
- thyroid gland;
- ovaries in girls;
- testicles in the male sex.
Statins and liberins, which are best known:
- dopamine;
- gonadoliberin (luliberin, follberin);
- melonostatin;
- somatostatin;
- thyreoliberin.
The secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones of the pituitary gland is provided by gonadoliberins.
The activity of androgens in men is also affected by gonadoliberins, contributing to increased sperm activity and libido levels.
And in women, neurohormones are responsible for the menstrual cycle, and the number of hormones varies depending on the phase of the cycle.
Insufficient development of releasing hormones often causes infertility and impotence.
Characteristics of hormones
The hormone corticoliberin, responsible for feelinganxiety, is produced by the hypothalamus. This is another important releasing factor, acting in concert with the hormones of the pituitary gland and affecting the work of the adrenal glands. People with a deficiency of this hormone often suffer from hypertension and adrenal insufficiency.
GnRH, a hormone that enhances the production of gonadotropins, is also a product of the hypothalamus. It is also called gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
The normal functioning of the genitals is notcan do without GnRH. It is this hormone that is responsible for the natural course of the menstrual cycle in women. With his participation is the process of maturation and release of the egg. This hormone is responsible for libido (sexual desire). With insufficient production of this hormone by the hypothalamus, women often develop infertility. What else are releasing hormones?
Somatoliberin
It stands out most rapidly in children’sadolescence. Its main feature is the normalization of the growth processes of organs and body systems. From its development depends on the full development and formation of the child. Insufficient production of this hormone of the hypothalamus can lead to nanismu (dwarfism).
Prolactoliberin
Its production is most active inperiod of gestation and during the entire period of feeding the child by the mother. This releasing factor normalizes the production of prolactin, which forms the ducts of the mammary glands.
Prolactostatin
Prolactostatin belongs to the subclass of statins produced by the hypothalamus and is responsible for the inhibition of prolactin.
Prolactostatins include:
· Dopamine;
· Somatostatin;
· Melanostatin.
Their main action is aimed at suppressing the tropic hormones of the pituitary and hypothalamus.
Melanotropin-releasing hormone
The process of melanin production and the separation of pigment cells is influenced by melanoliberin. It also affects the elements of the pituitary Gland.
It has an impact on human neurophysiological behavior. It is used to relieve depression and parkinsonism treatment.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRG)
The thyrotropin-releasing hormones of the hypothalamus also include thyroliberin. It contributes to the production of thyroid-stimulating hormones of the adenohypophysis.
To a small extent affects the process of production of prolactin. Tyroliberin provides an increase in the concentration of thyroxin in the blood.
The central nervous system has a great influence on the production of hormones. Neurosecretory cells of the regulatory system are responsible for the production of neurohormones.
Main functions of liberin
These are the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus. Perform regulatory functions. GnRH normalizes the functioning of the sexual sphere of women and men.
They are responsible for the reproduction of follicle-stimulating hormones and have an impact on the work of the testes and ovaries.
Such a component as Lyuliberin has a sequestering effect on ovulation, forming the possibility of conceiving a fetus.
In women, indifferent to intimate life, luliberin and folliberin are produced in insufficient quantities.
There are also releasing factors related to the middle lobe of the hypothalamus, but their connections with the elements of the pituitary and adenohypophysis have not been studied.
Releasing hormone agonists: drugs
As already noted, these hormonesproduces the hypothalamus. When it is necessary to stimulate the ovaries, for example, before the IVF procedure, agonists or analogues of releasing hormones are used. That is, they have on the body the same effect as its own hormone.
But the likelihood of adverse reactions from the female body. This is due to a decrease in estrogen levels. The most frequent phenomena include:
- headache;
- excessive sweating;
- tides;
- vaginal dryness;
- mood swings;
- depressive states.
The following drugs are used:
- "Diferelin" is an artificial decapeptide, an analogue of the natural releasing hormone.
- “Decapeptil” has triptorelin, an artificial analogue of GnRH. Half-life is longer. Often used in artificial insemination.
- "Lyukrin Depot" - leuprorelin.It has anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic effects, treats endometriosis, hormone-dependent tumors - prostate cancer, uterine fibroids. "Lyukrin-depot" reduces the concentration of testosterone in men, estradiol in women, in addition, inhibits the incretion of the pituitary gland FSH, LH.
- The action of the drug gradually restores the physiological secretion of hormones.
- Zoladex is a synthetic analogue of the naturalreleasing hormone (LH). Often used with IVF. Reduces the concentration of estradiol in the blood, this is due to the suppression of the secretion of LH of the anterior pituitary gland.
We have reviewed the releasing hormone agonist drugs.
Antagonists
Since when taking the releasing hormone agonistsEstradiol increases tremendously, a sudden release of luteinizing hormone can occur. This leads to premature ovulation and death of the eggs. To prevent this, use releasing hormone antagonists. As a result of their action, the pituitary gland can again be stimulated. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome does not manifest itself, and this has often happened because of the prolonged use of GnRg agonists. Enter five days after the start of follicle-stimulating hormone.
To therapy was successful, all prescriptions should be carried out only by a specialist.
