If otherwise damage occurstissues, it is necessary to apply dressings on the injured site. Types of dressings are diverse, their type is selected depending on the location of the cut, injury. It also takes into account the objectives pursued by the imposition of a dressing material. There is a whole science that studies this technique - desmurgy.
Classification dressing depending on the destination
Injuries are different: cuts, bruises.Often they are accompanied by bleeding and the ingress of pathogens into the wound. Therefore, it is important to take into account the functionality of the ligation. Types of dressings can perform a protective function, that is, to protect the site of damage from infection. Medicinal dressings are also used. Often they have a lower layer impregnated with the drug necessary for wound healing. A pressure bandage is used to stop the bleeding that has occurred.
Types of dressings
The most common material thatuses surgery (dressings, types of other damage treatment methods), - gauze. This is a natural material, lightweight, hygroscopic. Among its advantages are the availability of material, easy sterilization. On the basis of gauze make bandages, napkins, balls of different diameters. Also used fabric dressings, plaster (bandages with layers of gypsum). Treatment of ulcers is not complete without zinc-gelatinous materials. In this case, each layer is impregnated with a special zinc paste. It is worth noting that tissue dressings are used only if there are no gauze bandages. The dressing material is also fixed in a certain way. Often, this adhesive tape, glue, bandage. There is also a scarlet form, T-like, pseudo-shaped. There are also different types of dressings. The types of dressings that are used in most cases are circular, spiral bandaging, cruciform, turtle, as well as intersecting type.
Requirements for material that is directly in contact with the wound
Damaged skin and tissue carry major danger.- it is not able to resist the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. Therefore, not even a very large wound can be dangerous to human health. The dressing that comes into contact with this area should not only contribute to blood clotting, but also protect the site of damage from fungi, bacteria and viruses. As a rule, in such cases sterile material is used. Also apply dressings soaked in antibacterial drugs. To protect the wound from mechanical damage, pressure, a layer of cotton wool or a bandage rolled up in several layers is necessary. All this should be firmly established, but at the same time not squeeze the damaged area.
How to bandage minor wounds
The following types of wound dressing are possible, whichcharacterized by mild damage. For small cuts, other microtraumas, adhesive tape is most often used. It should be with a bandage layer, which is applied directly to the wound. Sticky edges need to fix it (but not too tight). You can also use a regular bandage. For cuts, applying the patch crosswise is best. In this case, it is necessary to fix the wound tight, which will allow it to drag on. In cases of minor burns (reddened skin, slight pain), sterile gauze is used, which is fixed with adhesive tape. It is necessary to control that the edges of the tape do not come into contact with the burn. For blisters, there is a special dressing in which a notch in the center is provided. After applying it, you can cover such a site with a bandage so that the bursting bubble does not become a target for infection.
Serious damage handling
Pressures are used to stop bleeding.bandages. The soft portion of the gauze is placed in the center of the wound, around which a thin strip of material is wrapped. All this is fixed with adhesive tape or bandages. Damage occurs in which a foreign object remains in the wound (shard, metal, etc.). It is dangerous to remove it yourself. In such cases, an annular bandage is used. It is placed around an off-site object and fixed with a tape. Thus, the pressure in the wound is partially relieved. For injuries such as dislocation or fracture, it is recommended to use triangular bandages. With their help, a sling is formed into which the tire is placed. For second-degree burns (diameter greater than 8 cm, pain, swelling) a sterile gauze bandage is used, which prevents the penetration of the infection.
Head bandage
There are these types of head dressings:cap, simple bandage, Hippocrates cap, dressing eyes, ears. A simple bandage closes directly skullcap. A band of dressing material is placed on the crown, the ends fall down. Then a circular ligation is performed. This is the easiest technique, but it does not possess great strength. The cap is a similar technique, performed using a circular course until the entire hair section is covered with a bandage. When applying the “Hippocratic cap” bandage, two bandages are used, one of which makes circular strokes, and the other one moves back and forth. If the right eye is damaged, the ligation is performed from left to right (vice versa for the left eye). Circular course of the dressing closes the damaged organ of vision. In cases of damage to both eyes, a fixing circle is first made. Then, in the crown, forehead, skewing the bandage, close the left eye. Then bottom-up just close the right one. If ear dressing is necessary, then first perform several circles of the bandage around the head, then gradually lower the dressing below, closing the damaged area.
Ligation. Types of ligation of the abdomen, chest
If the abdominal cavity, groin, buttocks are damagedimpose a spike bandage. First make several circular tours around the abdomen. Then the dressing is carried out on the side, front, inside of the thigh. Next, the bandage passes through the back, rises up. Thus, several stages are accomplished. The bandage can be directed up or down. Similarly, ligation is performed throughout the groin area. Such an operation is performed with wide bandages. For the chest, eight kinds of dressings are used, the photos of which are given below. Begin it in the lower section, rising to the armpits. Then go to the left shoulder, under the right armpit. Next is performed a circular motion, fixing the bandage.
Modern types of dressings
In case of extensive damage use is possible.dressings by Mashtafarov. These types of surgical dressings are made of gauze (fabric) and repeat the shape of the affected area. Recently, the use of mesh-tubular elastic bandages has been widespread. They do not cause unpleasant sensations, do not interfere with blood flow, optimally let the air through. With their help, you can dress up the damaged joint, head, abdomen, perineum, and without special medical skills. Such a dressing is simply put on the injured area. It is necessary to put a sterile bandage on the wound (or soaked with special preparations). There are these types of knit bandages: on the finger, foot, upper limbs, buttocks, hip, crotch, chest and abdomen. The use of special powders is also highly effective. These types of medical "dressings" are applied directly to the wound, the microbes are pulled out of it, they isolate the affected area without disturbing the hygroscopicity. When using these materials, wounds heal much faster. They are removed using a tampon soaked in saline.
