Consciousness is not only an opportunity.control actions and evaluate their own and others' actions, but also many other components, for example, self-awareness, the ability to control their movements, etc. It is for everyone, but few people think about its importance. Consciousness is a very complex and problematic condition. Absolutely everyone is exposed to him, but there are some special cases where the risk of such a violation is great.
A special place should be given to old age, when the braingradually lose the ability to function normally. This condition is called senile marasmus. But this state also has its reasons. The main reasons that cause impaired consciousness:
- Diffuse 2-sided brain damage(bark). Usually, it is caused by impaired blood circulation in the cortex or in a state of end-stage degenerative diseases. This condition is called vegetative.
- Various lesions of the brain stem.Possible primary (diseases and disorders occurring directly in the brain) and secondary (violation of the integrity of blood vessels or nutrition of the brain stem). Sometimes this condition can become irreversible.
- Consciousness, which occurs when a combination of the above reasons. In this case, both the cortex and the brain stem are not able to function normally.
Due to these and some other factorsthere are various states that accompany the violation of consciousness. The treatment of these problems is quite long and problematic, since In many cases, irreversible processes occur. Depending on the problems, these types of disorders of consciousness are distinguished:
ü Clouding of consciousness. Usually, it is caused by the organic nature of brain damage. There are various options:
- Illusory hallucinatory delirium. It is expressed in a decrease in reactions to stimuli and a decrease in the threshold of sensitivity.
- Abortive. Characterized by illusions while maintaining a common orientation.
- Mucific Manifested as muttering and shuffling your own clothes.
- Professional. In this case, the patient represents himself at work and performs actions brought to automatism. Accompanied by a violation of orientation.
ü Onyroid.An own reality is created in the mind of the patient, which he takes to be real, however, he only observes what is happening. Orientation in space and time is broken.
ü Amentia. This condition occurs against the background of schizophrenia and intoxication. Its manifestations consist in chaotic actions and excitability of these movements, incoherent speech and disorientation in space.
ü Turning off the consciousness.
- Stunned The main problem is the slowing down of all mental reactions and, as a result, a small reaction to pathogens and stimuli.
- Sopor.Not enough information is transmitted from the auditory and visual receptors. Tactile sensations and reaction to pain persists. At the same time, the person is either completely immobilized or capable of stereotyped movements.
- Coma.The most complex and deep state, which is characterized by a complete lack of reactions with the preservation of only interoception (the natural needs of the body). After awakening from this state, complete amnesia is possible. If a person does not come out of this state, then after some time death occurs.
ü Paroxysmal disturbances of consciousness. It differs from the others in the absence of phasing in pathologies.
- Twilight dullness.Usually, this condition is the privilege of alcoholics or people with epilepsy. It is characterized by sharp jumps of increased excitability and rage with possible hallucinations. People in these states are uncontrollable. After a seizure, amnesia occurs.
- Ambulatory automatism. A peculiarity is the desire to move somewhere in urgent matters, chaotic movements are possible or more ordered (for example, trance).
ü Special types of disorders of consciousness. Manifested in the form of actions before an epileptic seizure or loss of consciousness. The duration of such states does not exceed several seconds.
ü Выключения сознания при малых либо же больших convulsive seizures. Large seizures or BSP differ instantaneously with a possible onset of coma. After comes amnesia. Small convulsive seizures also occur instantly, but are marked by a sharp decline in muscle tone (sometimes even accompanied by involuntary urination), and convulsions of the body or its parts and face are possible. Also, the onset of epilepsy or schizophrenia with transferred brain injuries is not excluded. It is in this state that self-consciousness does not rarely occur.
Кроме этого, есть особый вид нарушенного psychological state. It is called depersonalization (violation of self-consciousness). These are quite difficult cases when a person is not able to adequately assess himself and identify with the outside world and people. It is also possible states of detachment and reduced reaction and feelings in general, or the violation of certain processes occurring in the body (for example, denial of satiety). Not rarely recorded cases of split personality.
In conclusion, I would like to say that all conditions are rather serious and unpleasant. But we are all “born in childhood,” as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry said. Therefore, take care of your children and yourself for them!
