Сознание и самосознание в философии – сложные The concepts with which many problems are connected. Yes, today this science can indeed provide answers to many questions, but the problem of consciousness is still a mystery that can not be so easily discovered.
Consciousness in philosophy is a totalitymental and sensual images. Perception is the basis of consciousness. Five senses help people to orient themselves in the world. Perception is a process unfolded in time. Only at the moment when it turns into an image, we begin to perceive reality. Some philosophers believe that this very image is consciousness. The process of forming such an image is a process of separating oneself from the surrounding world. Having received an image, a person gets the ability to distinguish himself in that world. Which is around it. Opposing is the beginning of self-awareness.
Consciousness in philosophy
Many great people thought about its essence. The philosophy of consciousness is complex. Today, philosophers are absolutely sure only that:
- the consciousness actually exists;
- it has an ideal nature. It is important to note that this position is recognized even by materialists, although they believe that the basis of the ideal consciousness is still matter.
Philosophy, the consciousness in which is importantissue, offers different approaches. Physicalism is one of them. This approach is extremely materialistic. According to him, there is no such independent substance as consciousness, since it is only the product of matter. The essence of consciousness can be explained with the help of physics.
Solipsism is another extreme approach tosolving the problem of consciousness. The essence of it is that the consciousness of any individual is the only reliable reality. The material world is simply a product of this consciousness.
Between the approaches described there is an objectiveidealism, as well as moderate materialism. The first recognizes that consciousness is connected with matter, but still is the root cause. In the second case, consciousness is recognized as a unique manifestation of matter, which allows it to reflect itself. In our country, this view is the most common.
Consciousness in philosophy can not be explained only by the approaches described above. To understand the issue, additional points of view should be explored.
On the origin of consciousness:
- the origin is cosmic;
- consciousness is absolutely all living organisms;
- only man has consciousness.
The cosmic view is based on the fact thatconsciousness is in no way dependent on material carriers. Consciousness is the gift of the cosmos or even of God. In fact, it is indivisible. There are many theories based on this point of view.
The main idea supported by supportersbiological point of view is that consciousness is inherent in all living organisms, since it is the product of living nature. The idea is justified by the fact that:
- the life of any creature is not spontaneous, but passes in the power of certain specific laws. There is nothing illogical and meaningless around;
- instincts exist not only congenital, but also acquired;
- all living beings accumulate experience;
- Animals are also capable of performing complex actions;
- animals have a kind of "morality".
In the third point of view mentioned above, it is said that consciousness is inherent only in man - animals possess only instincts.
Consciousness in philosophy is an important issue,which is unlikely to ever be fully disclosed. The human mind is something limited, but constantly evolving, and it seeks to understand everything that is reality.
