Russian system of warnings and actionsin emergency situations, a huge number of tasks have to be solved in all areas of activity: these are environmental problems, and humanitarian assistance to those affected by natural disasters, catastrophes, accidents, armed conflicts both in Russia and abroad, this is informational support emergency zones, the creation of rapid deployment units, so that the forces and means of emergency response systems help people in all emergency situations, no matter where they occur.
A responsibility
Lead civil defense in the face of heads(managers) of enterprises, organizations, institutions, departments of ministries, executive bodies in republics, regions, territories, autonomous entities, cities and districts, ministries and departments, organizations, institutions, enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership. Forces and means of emergency systems are fully under the authority of these people.
Руководители по должности являются начальниками The HOs are personally responsible for carrying out and organizing the events of the HOs, for creating accumulated funds of collective and individual means of protection and ensuring their safety. They are also responsible for all the personnel and equipment of the Emergency Response and Emergency Situations Center, which are necessary to eliminate an emergency situation at facilities located in subordinate facilities and territories. The departments of emergency situations and civil defense are based on the former headquarters of the civil defense.
Structure
The structure of the emergency system includes departmental,functional and territorial subsystems. Territorial - those republics that are part of the Russian Federation, territories and regions - are subdivided into administrative divisions, and the leadership is the emergency commissions or other bodies that should fulfill their functions. Forces and means of emergency systems are planned, developed, and then carry out actions to prevent emergencies. There are also created and equip forces for the elimination of possible emergencies and their consequences. They act independently if the scale of an emergency situation does not extend beyond the territories under their jurisdiction. The working body of each commission on emergency situations (CoES) is the Department of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense.
As for the functional subsystems, thisgoverning bodies to which the entire composition of the personnel and facilities of the RSChS ministries and departments is subordinate. They solve the tasks of direct observation and control with respect to the natural environment, and monitor potentially dangerous objects. In their competence, the creation of reserve funds, protection of the population, localization and liquidation of emergency situations. Separate functional subsystems may include control bodies, as well as forces of the ESAR of several departments and ministries of the Russian Federation with similar or complementary tasks. Departmental subsystems are created in all ministries and departments to prevent emergencies at subordinate facilities and eliminate them.
Control
Forces and means of emergency systems are divided into local(territorial), regional and federal - these three levels operate in the management of the Emergency Response Service. The regional level appeared in connection with the division of the Russian Federation into nine parts, it is needed in order to manage the civil defense forces, coordinate the interaction of territorial, republican, regional and regional authorities in the event of both local and global emergencies. The heads of civil defense have a staff - the headquarters, where there are both officials who are not relieved of their main duties and full-time employees.
Such a composition of the strengths and means of emergency systems - headquartersmanagement, which have strictly prescribed duties. They organize and ensure the continuous management of civil defense in case of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes, promptly notify services, formations, employees, workers and the entire population of the settlements adjacent to the emergency zone, develop a civil defense plan, protect the workforce, train all personnel civil defense units, as well as workers and employees. The forces of the civil defense and the Emergencies and Emergency Situations Service constantly maintain readiness for action in the circumstances of any emergency situations.
Service Division
Carrying out rescue operations involves preparing for a variety of emergency activities, for this the forces and means of the emergency response system are divided into special relevant services.
- Protection of public order.
- Communication and alert.
- Fire Service
- Emergency technical service.
- Medical service.
- Service shelters and shelters.
- Anti-chemical and radiation protection.
- Motor transport service.
- Supply service (logistics).
These are the most necessary education, where they participateforces RSChS, but not all. Their number is determined by the head of the civil defense of an object, taking into account the specifics of enterprises, the presence of structural units and so on.
Tasks
Чтобы выполнить основные задачи РСЧС, силы и The funds should be directed primarily to organizing the notification of the population and informing it, to protect the population and to take measures to protect the territory. At the same time, the emergency response force is eliminating an emergency situation. Then you need to begin humanitarian assistance to the population. The main task is always the ongoing training of the population, the training of specialists and managers.
In addition, much attention needs to be paidpropaganda of the role played by the forces and means of the system of RShS in the security of the region and the country. These are the main tasks of each unit of civil defense and emergency. The federal executive authorities always have specially trained and certified forces and means of liquidation of the Emergency Response System, which are designed exclusively for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations. If you use them as a single state system, material and human losses can be reduced to a minimum.
Supervision and control
The first division of forces and means of civil defense and emergencyengaged in supervision of the status of nuclear power plants, bridges, boilers, gas and electrical installations and other important objects. In addition, the forces and means of observation carry out control and inspection activities from the Ministry of Ecology, analyze the state of potentially dangerous objects and the natural environment, bear veterinary service, maintain a network of laboratory monitoring of civil defense, as well as monitor the quality of food raw materials and food. The disaster warning service is also located here.
Emergency response
The second division includes connections andparts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Emergency Situations, as well as non-military civil defense units, forces and means of other ministries and departments, state bodies or non-state bodies located in the territory of the Russian Federation. The basis is the troops of the civil defense, search and rescue services and parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which are in constant readiness. In addition to the rescue teams, there are airborne troops, mobile and effective, in the MES.
Rescue squads
The country's first formation, which consists ofhighly skilled professionals, - the airmobile State Central rescue squad, quickly responding to man-made and natural disasters. He not only gained fame on the territory of the country, but also beyond its borders.
On any continent, the detachment arrives quickly and incan work autonomously for several weeks, helping to eliminate the effects of landslides, earthquakes and other natural disasters. People are removed from the ground, debris or ruins and immediately provide medical care. A detachment can simultaneously provide several groups of rescuers for different regions both in Russia and in the near and far abroad.
Ministries and departments
There are quick reaction forces among the ministries,and departments: fire and recovery trains from the Ministry of Railways, for example. The Ministry of Internal Affairs ensures the safety of material values and the rule of law in extreme situations, protects important objects, organizes, if necessary, access control or a cordon. The Ministry of Emergency Situations knows, among other things, the fire service, which not only puts out fires, but also eliminates the consequences of accidents at chemical plants, saving people and material assets.
The FSB provides state security inemergency situations on sensitive sites of the Russian Federation and in providing assistance to other states. The Ministry of Health is a RFSH subsystem, which also has its own emergency service in emergency situations. Minatom, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, and the Ministry of Agriculture also have the strength and resources of the emergency response system in the form of controlling the situation in the territories of potentially dangerous objects that eliminate the consequences of emergency situations, have health centers and laboratories.
ROSTO
Assignee DOSAAF - ROSTO (RussianDefense Sports and Technical Organization) is also the founder of the association of rescue formations, among which are groups and teams of voluntary rescuers - parachute, airmobile, underwater, road transport, signalmen. All subjects of the Russian Federation create and equip forces and means of RSChS. Each city, district, and each facility has its own civil defense and emergency departments. Wherever there is an accident, natural disaster or catastrophe, the forces and means of the emergency system can be disposed of instantly.
