In modern life you should always be ready forany possible situation. Fire-fighting measures must be observed both in a residential house and at enterprises. Fire extinguishers should be available in each apartment, car, workplace. This article is devoted to the topic: "Fire extinguishers: types and purpose." Consider what they are, where they are used and how they are used.
Types of fire extinguishers
Theme: “Fire extinguishers: types and purpose” is quite confusing, but if you examine it carefully, then everything will be easy to figure out.
In terms of balloon volume, fire extinguishers are divided into:
- manual - up to five liters;
- industrial manual - from five to ten liters;
- stationary and mobile - ten or more liters.
According to the principle of movement, they are divided into two types:
- Mobile - have a large volume, move themusing a special platform. Such fire extinguishers are used in large industrial premises and warehouses. Due to the volume, they do an excellent job with large fires.
- Portable - mobile due to the relatively small volume. Usually used in small spaces and are not intended to eliminate a major fire.
Ways to Feed Content Out
According to this principle, fire extinguishers are divided into certain groups. Content coming out:
- under the pressure of gases that are pumped into the body;
- under its own pressure extinguishing agent injected;
- under the pressure of gases in the cartridge, which is built into the fire extinguisher;
- under the pressure of gases resulting from the chemical reaction of the components that are present inside the fire extinguisher.
Types of work
According to the type of work fire extinguishers are divided into two types:automatic and manual. The first are installed on a specific place in the room to be serviced by them. Fire extinguish they automatically. Manual fire extinguishers are operated by man. According to this principle, all non-stationary samples.
Types of starting devices and types of substances inside the cylinder
By type of starting device, fire extinguishers are divided into:
- having a valve gate;
- pistol type;
- with start from a pressure source.
According to the contents of the container fire extinguishers are:
- gas;
- water;
- powder;
- foamy.
The main difference between fire extinguishersis not in the way they move and work, but in the substance inside. Different fillers are used for different types of ignition. For example, a fire extinguisher, effective in the apartment, will be practically useless in the production area. To acquire the necessary apparatus suitable for a particular room, one should be well acquainted with the types of extinguishing agent.
Fire extinguishers are made in speciallicensed services. You should also pay attention to the expiration date. Such a period of fire extinguisher can be from 1.5 to 5 years, depending on its filler. After the time specified in the passport has expired, the device should be recharged or replaced with a new one.
Water Fire Extinguishers
Такие аппараты применяются для устранения пожаров Class A - ignition of solid and flammable substances. They can be filled with water, a solution of chemicals. If there is a mark on such a device that water contains special additives, then the fire extinguisher is suitable for extinguishing flammable liquid substances. This is a Class B fire. Note that water fire extinguishers are only suitable for eliminating those fires that are listed above. They are the safest and most environmentally friendly of all kinds. It is allowed to use them only at positive temperature.
Gas fire extinguishers: types and purpose
There are several types:
- aerosol;
- carbon dioxide (OS);
- ulate-bromo ethyl.
Газовые аппараты бывают как ручными, так и traveling Manual during operation is forbidden to touch the handset, as this can be fraught with frostbite hands. Fire extinguishers of this type cannot eliminate fires of those substances that burn without oxygen (alloys of aluminum, magnesium, sodium, etc.).
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are filled with dioxidecarbon. They are used to extinguish electrical installations that are under voltage up to one thousand volts and the substances mentioned above. Shelter fire extinguisher is also used to eliminate fires in areas where the use of water is undesirable (museums, archives, libraries, etc.), because after use they leave almost no traces. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers do an excellent job of burning flammable liquids in the fire area up to five square meters.
Aerosol machines contain halogenatedhydrocarbons. Used to extinguish electrical installations, solids, flammable liquids. They can not extinguish alkalis and substances that contain oxygen. Ulate acid-bromo ethyl apparatuses work on the same principle.
Foam fire extinguishers
Divided into two categories:
- foam fire extinguishers;
- fire extinguishers
Consider a more detailed topic: "Foam fire extinguishers:types and purpose ". Foam apparatus has a wide range of applications. Except when foam can be a conductor of electricity. In other words, it is impossible to extinguish electrical installations that are energized by these devices. Such a fire extinguisher is filled with foam consisting of aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis. For this reason, it is forbidden to extinguish alkali metals with them, because a reverse reaction will begin. The water contained in the foam will release hydrogen, which will enhance the burning. Such devices are mainly used to eliminate air-mechanical and chemical fires. They do an excellent job with the ignition of solids, flammable liquids.
Powder Fire Extinguishers (OP)
Самый распространенный тип.OP-fire extinguisher is used to extinguish almost any type of fire, including electrical installations under voltage up to a thousand volts. The exception is alkali metals and substances that can burn without oxygen. OP-fire extinguisher is filled with powders of general or special purpose. The former are used to extinguish materials that contain carbon (gases, wood), the latter are used to eliminate the ignition of aluminum compounds and pyrophoric substances. Refilling of fire extinguishers of this type is done every five years.
