Fire extinguishing is a set of measures that are aimed at eliminating fire. This complex includes many methods.
Основные способы тушения пожаров - принудительная the elimination of the flame source, cooling of the combustion environment and combustible substances and the depletion of the oxygen content in the air. All this is necessary in order to reduce the temperature of the top layer of combustible material by removing the main part of the heat. The reduction in the percentage of oxygen is carried out by introducing mixtures of inert gases or vapors of certain substances, and the fire is extinguished in this case precisely by slowing down the oxidation of combustible bodies.
In addition, the insulation method is widespread.combustible material, which is to prevent the flow of oxygen into the oxidation zone. To do this, it is necessary to cover the burning area with an extinguishing agent, for example, chemical foam or powder.
The main methods of extinguishing fires also includechemical and mechanical ways of eliminating the fire, which implies the inhibition of the complex of redox reactions, as well as the direct elimination by means of a jet of water or gas under pressure.
Fire extinguishing is achieved by jointuse of fire extinguishing substances (water and water vapor, sand, foam, fire extinguishing compositions, as well as fabrics resistant to similar effects) and technical structures (cranes, hydrants, hoses, pumps, etc.).
The choice of the use of fire extinguishing substances occurs according to the type, nature and parameters of the fire, the state of the environment and the aggregative properties of substances, the efficiency and effectiveness of fire extinguishing systems.
Технические средства, которыми выполняется fire extinguishing include hydrants. These are devices for water intake from the water mains system. Fire hydrants are a complete device consisting of a pipeline, a valve, a hose and a barrel. The storage of this extinguishing agent is subject to many requirements designed to preserve its performance.
Elimination of small fires may beproduced using primary means of extinguishing fires, which traditionally include fire extinguishers of various designs, as well as fire tools and equipment. The classification of fire extinguishers is carried out according to the type of extinguishing agent. There are gas, foam and powder.
Fire extinguishing with gas fire extinguishersIt is carried out using carbon dioxide composition, which is necessary for quenching solid and liquid substances. In turn, foam extinguishers are used to eliminate the burning of liquid and solid substances. The disadvantage of such fire extinguishers is that they are forbidden to use to extinguish materials, the interaction with which can cause an explosion. For example, they can not eliminate the fire on electrical equipment, which is under voltage. Powder extinguishers have been used for substances of all states of aggregation. Importantly, they can be used to extinguish electrical installations up to 1000 V, which are live.
