Each of us in our life must have come acrosswith concepts such as "rights" and "obligations." What do these philosophical (and not only) terms mean, in what sense should they be considered, how to apply them in practice? All these questions today arise in modern youth, boys and girls, who are becoming or are preparing to become full citizens of our state.
What is duty in philosophy?
In general terms, this is one of the synonyms.debt. And in philosophy, the concept of "obligation" is made up of the concept of "due." Cicero, for example, considered duties (officium) not in the sense of the original and abstract debt, but in the context of man as a member of the community of Rome, and singled out the main ones: justice and also charity. In general, according to Kant, the moral teaching (ethics) is fully based on this. What is duty in European philosophy? That which connects the individual with other people and the state. Officium includes the doctrine of special and general duties (Bacon). This is an obligation defined by laws. What are the laws, are the duties (Hobbes). Moreover, the performance of duties is subjectively connected not with the fear of punishment, but with an understanding of justice. And Schopenhauer defines this action as an act, the failure to do which causes injustice to others, and thus violates their rights.
Inseparability of concepts
In the rule of law becomes impossibleseparation of duties from rights. Roughly speaking, without one there is no other, and vice versa! This is the most important principle of our modern society as a whole. In a specific country, all this is determined by the Constitution, the Basic Law. This expresses not only the responsibility of the individual to the whole society, but also the guarantees of statehood to the individual. Moreover, both of them imply mutual legal responsibility.
Rights and freedoms in the Basic Law
As already mentioned, the state is responsible forensuring and realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens. No one can be forced to abandon them. The main ones enshrined in the Constitution of Russia include: the right to life, liberty, dignity, religion. They also include: freedom of speech and movement, the inviolability of the home, private life and personality, the right to property. One can single out traditionally the rights to education, work, rest, freedom of creativity. Separately - the right to peace and psychological comfort. All of the above rights and freedoms in no way deny or derogate from other generally accepted ones established by law.
Constitutional duties
First, the abuse of rights is prohibited.What is a duty? Every person must respect the legitimate interests of others. Being in the territory of the Russian Federation, he is obliged to comply with the Constitution of the country, other legal acts, not even being a citizen of this state. Also - pay statutory taxes and fees. Any of us should take care of our relatives, preserve the environment, historical and cultural heritage. The main constitutional duty is also labor. A person is obliged to protect his health, to form his own spiritual culture.
Sacred duty
What is the duty to protect the Fatherland?This is a sacred duty for every citizen of Russia, enshrined in the Constitution. Upon reaching the draft age, the young man performs military duty in order to ensure the security (internal and external) of the entire state. If his beliefs or religion contradict the performance of military service, it is replaced by a civilian alternative, but remains indisputable!
