The perception study is devoted to a whole topic inpsychology, in the section on mental processes. It immediately follows the topic of sensations, as the simplest mental process to a more complex one. The topic describes the perception, its types and properties. Each of this knowledge can not leave indifferent, because perception as a mental process is unique, its features are amazing, they are said to be, this knowledge is used in its activities by designers, fashion designers, women of fashion, psychotherapists, manufacturers of various products, architects, writers, composers - all those whose activity is associated with the impact on the person through the objects of their labor.
Concept of perception
In the perception of objects of the world (andinternal organs, by the way, too) sometimes all the senses are involved, and therefore the sensations that are arising in them, and sometimes only some. But psychologists do not get tired of repeating that the process of perception is not reduced only to the sum of sensations: visual, auditory, smell, touch, sense of balance, movement. Connecting, these sensations give rise to a completely different mental process, which is based on the individual characteristics of a person, and therefore instead of the total amount of images, a different idea of what he sees arises in the consciousness. Sometimes it reflects reality, sometimes it distorts it. Distortion occurs for two main reasons.
Illusions of perception
Psychologists have long noticed somepatterns in the perception of all people. They are called illusions of perception. When the vertical lines visually lengthen the object (i.e., the object only appears longer). When due to smaller details on the background, the object in the center seems smaller than exactly the same, but on the background of larger parts.
Unique perception property
The second reason for the distortion of reality liesin a unique property inherent in this mental process - apperception. It consists in the dependence of perception on a person’s life experience, his values, actual needs (we see only what we want to see). In a word from the content of the psyche of this particular person.
Among other properties of perception in the sectionpsychology “perception, its types and properties” identify the following: objectivity (during the process of perception in the mind, an image of a certain object is created, and not its individual properties based on the sensations of human organs); constancy (unchanged in time and space of the perceived image: even if the object changes position, moves, in our consciousness its characteristics, once perceived, do not change); selectivity (isolation from the total mass of specific items); meaningfulness (the process of perception is associated with thinking, the perceived object immediately correlates with what was seen earlier or with the knowledge gained during the life of this category of objects); structure (a person recognizes a changed object or phenomenon if its structural elements are preserved).
Types of perception
A large place in the topic "perception, its types andproperties ”is given to classification. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the phenomena are taken as the criterion for dividing into the types of results of the perception process. Thus, the perception is divided into: the perception of time, space and movement. Using these mechanisms, perception allows you to accurately (or almost exactly) determine the distance of an object from a person, his movement, approximate speed of movement in space, and even the passage of time. Several interesting facts are connected with the last type of perception. The passage of time seems slower if we are waiting for something. If we are doing something interesting and interesting, it “runs” faster, etc.
Из приведённых сведений легко составляется characteristic of perception, and this information is useful for the practical application of knowledge of psychology in various spheres of professional activity, as was said at the beginning of the article.
The topic "perception, its types and properties" is included inthe section of the “general psychology” discipline, and the knowledge given in the article is enough to analyze this topic, but the study of all the features of perception as a unique mental process does not end there. For example, the analysis of the perception of literary or musical works by the majority of the representatives of mankind (which genres are most in demand and by what psychological characteristics of a particular nationality) ...
