In the Polesye region between the rivers Pripyat, Uborgi, Stvigi there is the Pripyatsky national park of Belarus. Its area is more than 1,800 km2. Specially protected area - 850 km2. The park is located on the territory of Lelchitsy, Zhitkovichi and Petrikov districts (Gomel region). The administrative center of this unique park is in the Lyaskovichi agro town.
History
In 1969 this part of Polesie Belarus wasdeclared reserved. A national park on this land appeared in 1996, by order of the President of Belarus. It was created on the basis of the reserve that existed since 1969.
The area of the national park in the process of reorganization has been significantly increased. The national park is a key ornithological territory.
The purpose of the formation of the park
For the first time I thought about creating a reserve on thisthe territory of the Polish academician V. Schafer. In the thirties of the 20th century, he proposed to use for these purposes one of the largest in Europe Olmansky massif, which lies between the Stviga and Goryn rivers. Approximately at the same time, the breeder S. Kulchinsky (Poland) explored swamps located in the western part of Polesye. The results of his work he published in his monograph, which was called “Polissya Peatlands”.
At the beginning of the 40s a scientificbase for the organization of the reserve. In 1958, Academician N. V. Smolsky, who at that time held the post of Director of the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, commissioned the field expert L. P. Smolyak to document the need to create such a reserve. This work was completed in 1961.
In June 1969, on an area of 615 km2 The Pripyat State Reserve was organized. In 1994, he was transferred to the competence of the Commission under the President of Belarus. A year later (1995), the Lyaskovichi forest-hunting enterprise was established here.
A year later (1996), the reserve was reorganized intoPripyat national park. The goal of education is the preservation of the unique landscape of Polesia and the study of its changes after drainage of land. In 1998, the Museum of Nature began to operate on the territory.
Pripyat National Park - the regime of protection and environmental management
Most of the park isconservation area. Its area is more than 30 thousand hectares, which is about 35% of the entire territory. Any business activity is prohibited here. Slightly more than 11% is allocated to the economic and recreational zones. The main part of the park's land belongs to the zone of regulated nature management - approximately 48 thousand hectares (54% of the territory). Such a zoning structure, in which more than 30 thousand hectares occupy a protected area and only 11% is allocated to areas in which active economic or recreational activities are conducted, is quite rational.
Rivers
The Pripyat National Park has the main waterway - the Pripyat River. This is the most abundant and largest tributary of the Dnieper. In flood, the floodplain of the river is flooded and expands to 30 km.
In the upper stream, Pripyat has numerousthe canals, further it is winding, forms the aged, meanders, bays, there are many sandy and viscous islands. The river is characterized by long spring floods, short summer low water periods, which are disturbed by rain floods and annual water level rises in the autumn. The lowest water level is observed in September – October. The Pripyat freezes almost all the way at the same time at the very beginning of December, the river opens in March. The water temperature in the summer does not fall below + 21 °, the maximum temperature in July is + 28 ° C.
Припятский национальный парк, фото которого вы You can see in our article that it is limited by the tributaries of the Pripyat: from the north-west - by the Stvoy River, from the east - by the Ubortiu River. In this regard, according to scientists, the national park is a closed hydrological area, and therefore it is almost not affected by the amelioration in the neighboring territories. This is very important for the reference area of the park.
Small rivers and lakes
A unique network of small rivers - Svinovod, StarayaClean, Utvokha, Krushinnaya, Ditch - and a land-reclamation system about 280 kilometers long. There are more than 300 floodplain lakes. In the rivers flowing through the park, there are almost all kinds of fish. In the middle of summer, catfish, tench, perch and rudd peck better than others. In the shallows of forests and floodplains, pike, bream, roach, sabrefish, ide come to spawn.
Vegetation
More recently, less than a century ago, thesethe land was a marshy area. At the end of the XIX century, reclamation was carried out. Channels were created. Their length reached more than 300 kilometers. As a result of land reclamation, dense forests appeared on large areas of drained marshes. Currently, the canals have actually lost their beneficial effect, and the previously drained territory is again swamping.
Today, forest swamps occupy a third of the territory and, according to all scientific indicators, are recognized as the benchmark of the swamps of the Belarusian Polesie.
The park has a long and rather warm summermild and snowy winter, nutritious soil, plenty of precipitation and moisture contribute to the growth of shrubs, woody and herbaceous plants. Here are protected and rare plant species: black arnica, water chestnut, floating salvinia, sea naiad, yellow rhododendron, black-faced lily and others.
Forests
Pripyat National Park is famous for itsthe main wealth is forests. They cover more than 85% of the protected area. On sandy islands and ridges, on upland marshes, pine dominates, which occupies 52% of the area. Black alder and birch forests dominate on transitional and lowland soils of swamps.
The pearl of the forests of Pripyatsky Park are floodplain and dry oak forests, but its greatness affects hornbeam oak forests - deciduous forests consisting of mighty lindens, oaks, ash, hornbeam and maple.
The flora of the park has 943 plant species, in thisthe number includes 38 specially protected species, 196 species of mosses and 321 species of algae. It is necessary to distinguish relict species: mountain arnica, horsetail, baranets ordinary. The endangered species include the lily of the curly, the wolfberry, the boletus, the floating salvinia, the tufted hen, the water lily white, the lupus two-leaved, the sleep-grass and others.
Animal world
Припятский национальный парк известен diversity, high abundance of rare species of animals that are no longer found in Belarus. There are officially registered more than 51 species of mammals, 7 species of reptiles, 37 species of fish, 11 species of amphibians.
Hoofed animals here are boar, elk,roe deer. Since 1987, the bison and the noble deer live in the park. The number of bison exceeds 90 individuals. The number of red deer is growing very rapidly, and today it exceeds 300 individuals.
Баланс фауны парка поддерживают хищники:Fox, wolf, lynx, pine marten, raccoon dog, mink. American mink and muskrat are also found here from other regions. They are well accustomed and today take their place in the park.
Especially valuable for researchnumerous colonies of coastal and near-water bird species: small and large egrets, red and gray herons, various species of sandpipers, swans, ducks, frogs and many others. Birds of prey live in the park: osprey, eagle-owl, white-tailed eagle, blackjack, black kite, golden eagle and many others.
Rest in the park "Pripyat"
Сегодня в ГПУ Национальный парк «Припятский» a tourist department was created, by contacting which, you can visit the most interesting excursion routes to the upper swamp, Tsar-Oak and Tsar-Pine. You can ride on the boat in Pripyat, visit the city of Tours.
Fishermen like to spend their free time in the park. A large variety of fish species attracts not only Belarusian fishermen, but also guests from neighboring countries.
Hunting grounds have been created here for hunting enthusiasts. For everyone to relax in the park, guest houses and tourist complexes are offered.
Guest Reviews
As already mentioned, today everyonecan visit Pripyat National Park. The reviews of those who have already had a chance to rest here are enthusiastic. Tourists liked not only the magnificent nature, but also the well-organized work of the staff, interesting excursions, which are conducted by experienced staff who can tell a lot of interesting things about their "farm".
Many tourists have noted excellent conditions foraccommodation. There is a small comfortable hotel, you can stay in a hunting lodge with a guarded parking lot. Some travelers are attracted by walking trails. On the banks of the Pripyat there is a convenient parking for recreation.