Stanovoye highlands - the mountain system of the EastSiberia. It stretches 700 km from the south-west to the north-east. The width of the mountain system is more than 200 km. The western part approaches the shores of Baikal, and the eastern part of the summit reaches the upstream. Olekma With sharp high mountain ridges (3,000 m), which alternate with intermountain hollows (within 800–1,000 m above sea level), this is what the Stanovoe highland can be seen. The coordinates of this mountain system are 56 ° 05′00 ″ north latitude, 114 ° 30′00 ″ east longitude. On the map of Russia, it is located on the territory of Buryatia (the center of Asia).
Ridges
The mountain system is divided into 7 ranges, located from west to east in the following direction:
- South Muysky ridge with the highest point of the city of Muysky Giant (3 067 m).
- North Muysky range - maximum height - 2 537 m.
- Verkhneangarsky Range. The highest peak is 2,641 m.
- Ridge Kodar - a continuation of the North Muya. The maximum height is the peak BAM (3 072 m).
- Ridge Udokan with a maximum height of 2 561 m.
- Kalar Range - continuation of Udokan. The prevailing heights are smaller than those of other highland ridges. The maximum peak is the city of Skaly Gots, with a height of 2 519 m.
- The Nizhnekalarsky Range is an offshoot of the Kalarsky Range. It is located to the south.
All 7 ridges of the Stanovoi highland are represented by peaked peaks, rocky crests with loach terraces. These are the so-called alpine landforms.
Mountain hollow
Between the above ridges are located large mountain basins:
- The Muya-Kuandinskaya hollow is located between the South-Muya and North-Muya ranges.
- Verkhneangarskaya hollow. It is located between the North-Muya and Verkhneangarsky ranges.
- Chara depression. It is located between the Kalarsky, Kodar and Udokan ranges.
All data of the Baikal-type basin, located at a height of no more than one thousand meters.
Highlands: characteristic
The base of the Stanovoi highlands is crystalline andMetamorphic rocks of the Archean and Proterozoic periods. The intermontane depressions are composed of sediments of the Cenozoic period. Also, permafrost is widespread throughout the highlands.
Relief process of this mountain systemstill going on. Factors confirming this: the high seismic activity of the region, the strong dissection of the relief and the ubiquitous permafrost zones.
Minerals
Как и другие образования подобного типа, Становое the highlands are “strewn” with various kinds of mineral deposits. Within the Kodar Range, large deposits of coal and copper were found. Kalarsky mined copper ore. There are also deposits of gold and fluorite. In the valley of the river Chara (ridge Kodar) mined mineral lilac - charoite, which is used as an ornamental jewelry stone. The mining of these minerals is one of the main sectors of the economy of this region.
Climatic features
The climate of this region is affected by altitude andgeographical location of the Stanovoi highlands. Within its limits there is a sharply continental type. The climate differs only in the peaks and in the depressions. In general, the summer is warm but short (on the ridges it lasts a maximum of 2 months, in the basins 3 weeks longer). But the winter in this area is long and very cold. The average annual rainfall of 300 mm within the basin, 1000 mm at the tops. It is worth noting that most of them fall in mid-July and August. In the hollows in summer, the temperature does not rise above +19 ° C, and at an altitude in the range of 1.5 thousand meters - +13 ° C. In winter, the thermometer shows -30 ... -34 ° C. In the valleys it is much colder, here this indicator can decrease to -40 ° С.
Features of the region
On the tops of the high mountain ranges there are glaciers and other forms of similar relief: kara, ridges, trough valleys. In the intermountain depressions there are many lakes and rivers that feed on melt water.
For natural zoning of the Stanovy Rangecharacterized by high altitude. At the foothills and slopes of the ridges spread deciduous forests, which at an altitude of 1200-1600 m are replaced by birch and deciduous logging. The highland areas are represented by mountain taiga, pregold light forests and rocky loaches. Intermountain depressions are filled with floodplain meadows, often swampy, and pine and pine-deciduous forests grow on thick sand strata.
If you look at the map where the Stanovoye Highland is located, then this region administratively belongs to the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk and Chita regions.
Using
The area of the Stanovy Ridge is well studied andmastered. To a greater extent this was possible due to the appearance of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The route cuts through all 7 mountain ranges of the highland. The most difficult for the construction of the highway was the North-Muysky ridge. The construction of the road took place with interruptions for 26 years. The longest railway tunnel of the Russian Federation - Severomuysky was pierced inside the ridge. Its length is more than 15.3 thousand meters. Railway stations and settlements are built on both sides of the highway.
