Before the education system is setimportant tasks. But a special place among them is the search for such an organization of the process that would allow to form an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children. Only in this case it is possible for the child to obtain not only the necessary amount of skills, knowledge and knowledge, but also the development of his desire for self-knowledge and self-development.
Relevance of the topic
How important is the technology of individualapproach in the education and upbringing of children? The answer to this question can be obtained if we recall that it is the person who is the highest value of our society. That is why so much attention is paid to the upbringing of each individual, the concern for the improvement of her qualities and the multifaceted development of abilities. All these tasks are priority for any state.
Definition of concept
The main goal of our society isall-round development of all its citizens. The solution of this task is possible only through revealing the creative potential of the individual, as well as the formation of her individuality, which is the highest level of development. After all, each person must certainly identify, that is, "fulfill" himself. And this is not only the purpose of his life, but also the main task of society as a whole.
In addition, this form of education, likean individual approach to teaching, does not oppose such a principle as collectivity. And this is confirmed by scientific research. The "I" in a person takes place precisely because there is a "we".
Individual approach to teaching and upbringingis an event that is far from one-off. They need to permeate the entire system that affects the child. In this regard, this approach can be called a general principle of upbringing of the younger generation.
Individual approach to training will require an adult to have a lot of patience, as well as the ability to correctly understand certain manifestations of the child's behavior.
Individual approach to training, as well as inupbringing is a component part of the pedagogical process. With its help, children are involved in active activities aimed at mastering the program material.
The essence of an individual approach
Appeal to the specific personality of the child shouldTo be present in every link of educational and educational work with children of all ages. What is the essence of such an individual approach? It is expressed in the direct pedagogical influence on the child in solving common problems facing the team. In this case, the teacher or educator must take into account the living conditions and mental characteristics of the individual.
- to know and understand their pupils;
- to love children;
- be able to reflect and analyze;
- adhere to a thorough theoretical balance.
The teacher should always remember that the child is a self-directed subject of his own development. At the same time, he always needs the support of an adult.
The implementation of an individual approach in teaching, as well as in education is impossible without taking into account psychophysical aspects. Let's consider these factors in more detail.
Level of intellectual development
This is the first aspect that should be considered when an individual approach is taken in the training of preschool children and students in general education institutions.
The teacher should study the level of mentaldevelopment of the child. This is necessary for his further successful training. If this indicator has a high level, then the pupil will quickly perceive and comprehend the material, remember it well and reproduce it, and then keep it in memory longer. The received knowledge, in this case, will be successfully used in the performance of subsequent tasks.
Individual approach to teaching children and theireducation, which is based on the level of mental development, is built by the teacher, taking into account the zone of his immediate impact. In this case, the adult should differentiate not the task itself, but the measure of the help that he offers the child. For example, some pupils not only produce this or that activity, but also explain the progress of its fulfillment to comrades. Others are able to carry out the task, adhering to a certain algorithm. The third and at all require the help of the teacher.
Type of nervous system
This is the second aspect that must beindividual approach to the child. According to the conclusions made by modern researchers, the properties that are inherent in the human nervous system are genotypic in nature.
In other words, they are practically unchanged and stable personality characteristics. That's why you can not ignore this factor.
The main properties of the nervous system: mobility-inertia and strength-weakness.
Type of thinking
This is the third and rather important aspect thatthe teacher should take into account when he will implement an individual approach in the learning process. Children, like adults, solve the tasks assigned to them in different ways. Some of them have an analytical mind. He finds its manifestation in verbal-logical abstract thinking. Another is easier to think in images. In this case, artistic thinking is manifested.
So, children of the artistic type beginto comprehend any material only after emotional inclusion. At first they rely on images and representations, and only then they analyze all the components and draw their own conclusions.
Thinking children start solving tasks withlining up logical chains. They analyze all the components and think with symbols. In their algorithm for solving problems, logical reflections prevail. Emotional coloring of parts, as a rule, simply prevents them from thinking.
Perception modality
This is the fourth and also an important aspecttaken into account by the teacher in the individual approach to children. Observing the behavior of the child, one can be convinced that the way in which he perceives the world around him has a huge impact on his level of adaptation in society, his physical development and success in learning.
Closely following this aspect, already in the youngestage, you can assume what problems the baby will face when learning in school. Knowing the way of learning, parents, educators, teachers and psychologists can correctly build games and activities with the child. This will make it possible to derive maximum benefit from the learning process.
Health status
This aspect is of particular importance in thosecases where the organization of education and training of children with physical defects and impaired somatic development is required. But the teacher should always take into account such psychological characteristics of children as fears and anxiety, self-doubt and neuroses. The underestimation of all these psychophysical characteristics of pupils causes enormous harm to their health.
The teacher needs to know that mental disorders in children can be associated with factors such as:
- somatic diseases;
- defects of physical development;
- stresses and various adverse factors relating to social conditions of life.
Age features
What else should a teacher take into account in the process?upbringing? He needs to remember that the personal development of any person is reflected in his age features. Depending on the years lived, there is a change in the thinking of the individual, his range of interests and demands, as well as social manifestations. Each age has its own developmental limitations and opportunities. For example, memory and mental abilities are most intensely expanded in childhood and adolescence. If this is not taken into account in the process of training and education, then time will be lost. The possibilities of this period to use in the later period is very difficult. But at the same time, the educator should not get too far ahead, affecting the moral, mental and physical development of children. It is important to take into account the age capabilities of the organism.
Physical education
Modern scientists based on resultsstudies have made an amazing conclusion. They revealed a direct relationship between mental, physical and moral development of man. The first of these affects the formation of the character of the individual. Physical perfection allows to develop organs of vision, hearing and feelings. In addition, it is closely related to moral and labor education. At the same time, activity depends on the state of health of the child, and vice versa.
When an individual approach to physical education in children awakens interest in active movements in the fresh air, in gaining cultural and hygienic skills, etc.
Moral education
In childhood and adolescence in children occursthe formation of moral norms. They gain experience in behavior and develop their own attitudes towards people. Conducting the moral education of the child, the teacher can significantly influence the formation of the character and will of the child.
Conclusion
Showing the principle of an individual approach in the upbringing and education of children, the teacher should know:
1. Features of the health and physical condition of the child. From this will largely depend on his attention at the lesson, the lesson and the overall performance.
2.Properties of memory, interests and inclinations of pupils. Taking into account these features, it becomes much easier to implement an individual approach to the child, loading the stronger with additional classes and helping the weaker.
3Mental and emotional sphere of children, identifying pupils with a painful reaction to the comments and increased irritability. Understanding the nature of the child will most effectively organize collective activities.
Only knowledge of the developmental characteristics of each ofchildren, received by the teacher on the basis of a deep study of all factors, will create the necessary conditions for their successful use in the process of training and education.
