There are many sciences in the world. One of them is geodesy. What is this science? What is she studying? Where can you learn it? You will find answers to these and other questions in this article.
Geodesy - what is it?
Like astronomy, geodesy is one ofancient sciences. However, if every schoolboy knows about astronomy, then most people have never heard of such a science as geodesy. And at the same time, without the use of geodetic knowledge, the development of modern society is unthinkable.
Geodesy - what is it? What is this science about? In short, this is the science of studying and measuring the surface of the Earth.
Surveying is the science of how to producemeasurements on the surface of the earth, which are carried out to study the shapes and sizes of the Earth, as well as to depict the entire planet and its parts on plans and maps. In addition, geodesy deals with methods of special measurements, which are necessary for solving economic and engineering problems.
Geodesy industries
Geodesy - what is it? This is a science that is developing dynamically. Thus, in the process of developing science and technology, it was divided into a number of disciplines.
Higher geodesy studies the dimensions and shape of the Earth, as well as methods by which one can determine with high precision the coordinates of points on the planet's surface and draw them on a plane.
The study of the size and shape of the earth's surface in order to depict it on maps, profiles and plans is carried out by the section of geodesy - topography.
Geodesy and cartography study the processes and methods of creating and using a variety of maps.
Photogrammetry is engaged in solving problems of measurement of space and aerial photographs for a variety of purposes, such as measuring buildings and buildings, to get plans and maps, and so on.
Applied, or engineering, geodesy studies the whole complex of geodetic works that are performed during construction, surveys and operation of various structures and buildings.
Geometric relationship between pointsusing the artificial satellites of the Earth, he studies space geodesy. Now, due to the fact that there have been new advances in the field of measurement and observation techniques, the number of studies on Earth has also added the problem of solving scientific problems of studying the size and shape of the Moon, as well as other planets of the Solar System and their gravity fields.
Marine geodesy and cartography are engaged insolving both scientific and applied geodetic tasks at sea. The main task was and remains to determine the surface of the Earth and its gravitational field in the seas and oceans. Marine geodesy solves the following number of tasks: the construction of hydraulic structures, operation and exploration of underwater resources and so on. However, the most important task of such software is mapping, which is accompanied by photographing, and geodetic referencing.
Development of geodesy as a science
Geodesy, like many other sciences, originated in ancient times. Progress in the exact and natural sciences, the invention of the telescope, pendulum and other tools - all this contributed to its development.
However, it is worth noting that over the past half centurythis science has achieved greater success than during its entire existence. This is due, for example, to the fact that engineering surveying can now receive data from artificial satellites, as well as the fact that a variety of electronic measuring instruments and electronic computers have appeared.
Современный компьютер позволяет провести анализ huge amount of informational data, apply new mathematical developments, which gave a new impetus to the development of theoretical geodesy, passing in parallel with the progress of information theory and mathematics.
Applied Geodesy: Aspects
Survey data is used in variousareas such as navigation, mapping and land use. What do they let you know? For example, to determine the location of drilling platforms on the shelf, the flooded area after the construction of the dam, the exact position of administrative and state borders of various kinds, and so on. Strategic guidance and navigation systems equally depend on how accurate the information is on the position of the target and the adequacy of the physical models that describe the Earth's gravitational field. Measurements obtained by surveyors are used in the study of plate tectonics and seismology. When searching for many minerals (including oil) gravimetric survey is used.
Where to get a profession surveyor?
Today in Russia there are a large numbereducational institutions that will allow you to get the profession of a surveyor. In the field of this science at the different levels of development of this rather complex specialty a specialist can work, who graduated as a secondary school - college or college of geodesy, and higher - academy, institute or university.
Образование в этой сфере можно выбрать на свой taste. A prospective specialist may graduate from a specialized university or institute of geodesy. For example, MIIGAiK is one of the oldest and most prestigious specialized universities in Russia. Or you can get a secondary education: go to study at the St. Petersburg or Novosibirsk technical school of geodesy and cartography.
After the end of the secondary special educationalGraduate institutions can be counted on as a surveyor’s assistant or surveyor’s technician. In addition, if desired, he can continue to improve his knowledge in this area by enrolling in a higher educational institution.
Graduation from a higher education institution gives a graduate the right to work independently, and graduation from a graduate school allows further progress in a career in a scientific and practical direction.
What does a surveyor do?
Among the variety of activities are the following areas:
- A surveyor may be engaged in observing and measuring changes in the earth's surface, both locally and globally.
- Perform various landscape measurements.
- Make topographic plans and maps.
- Create water, forest, land and other types of inventories.
- Deal with the definition and designation of state borders.
- Prepare research reports.
What to pass in order to apply for a surveyor?
Schoolboy who is going to devote in the futureGeodesy, you need to know as well as possible some general educational subjects, such as mathematics, geography, Russian, history, social studies, as well as computer science and information and communication technologies. As a rule, these are the disciplines that are taken at the entrance exams in secondary and higher educational institutions in geodetic specialties.
Upon admission to a specialty related toAs a geodesy, usually three of the six subjects listed above are handed over, but what kind of subjects it will be depends on the educational institution, the faculty and the type of specialty.
They can take exams according to the results of the GIA or EGE, or they can test for applicants in all subjects except history and social studies - they are taken orally.
Some colleges and technical schools do not requirepassing entrance exams. An example is the Novosibirsk College of Geodesy and Cartography, or the Scientific and Technological Institute. In this educational institution, specialists are trained in the following specialties: applied geodesy (surveyor-technician), cartography (technician-cartographer) and aerial photogeodesy (aerial photodeodesist-technician).
Demand for the profession in the labor market
Experts in the field of geodesy and cartographyOften required in various types of production. Therefore, in the university and secondary special training of these specialists, there is a presence of different gradients, which will further determine the practical orientation of the surveyor’s work. In addition, this imposes an imprint of more traditions, which historically formed within the walls of the school.
No wonder that existing universities are preparingstudents in different ways. In any educational institution there is a specificity of selection of already existing directions in the specialty. However, any university, college or college will provide fundamental training, which in the future will provide an opportunity to change the direction of work, retrain and move to the adjacent specialization.
Thus, we can conclude that geodesy today is one of the most interesting and developing sciences. Every specialist will be able to find himself in it.
