В области теоретической физики гравитационная The anomaly is an example of a gauge anomaly, one of the effects of quantum mechanics. This is the difference between the observed acceleration of gravity or gravity to the surface and the corresponding value of the predicted model of the gravitational field of the planet. As a rule, there are a number of simplifying assumptions, including self-gravity and rotational motions, due to which the Earth takes the form of an ellipsoid.
Anomaly and gravity
The value of the anomaly is usually significantlyless than the value of gravity itself, which is associated with the concept of the total mass of the planet, its rotation and flattening. Thus, gravitational anomalies on the Earth are just local variations of the gravitational field. Nevertheless, these phenomena cause genuine geophysical and geological interest and are one of the typical tasks of geophysics.
Causes and features
Gravitational anomaly can occur inaround the world, most often in the mountains. The lateral oscillations of gravitational anomalies are associated with anomalous density distributions inside the Earth. Measures of gravity help to understand the internal structure of the planet. Large-scale anomalies of the gravitational field can be detected from space as a side effect of the gravitational missions of satellites.
Gravity Recovery and Climate
On the processes subject only to natureit turns out that man himself can influence, launching satellites that can detect gravitational changes throughout the Earth. In addition, these changes can be represented as gravitational anomalies of temporal variations. Gravity plays an important role, including influencing the planet’s self-regulation and its climate processes.
Gravitational field directions
The gravitational field of the Earth is depicted in two main directions: the gravity anomaly of the map and the geoid map of the Earth.
- The gravity map anomaly showshow much the actual gravitational field of the Earth itself differs from the gravitational field of its surface. It emphasizes the difference in gravity on the surface of the Earth. Often this occurs in places of unusual concentration of certain forms of the landscape, for example, the presence of mountain ranges or oceanic depressions.
- Geoid is a hypothetical surfaceEarth, which represents the average sea level in the absence of winds, currents and most tides. A geoid is a useful reference surface material. It defines the horizontals, and the force of gravity acts perpendicular to them.
Getting an accurate geoid model turned out to be completelyno easy task. Data from several dozen satellites, along with surface measurements, were to be combined to create a model of a gravitational field. The selection of large-scale features justified itself fully, which cannot be said about the features of a local nature, where it is often necessary to accurately describe the time-varying gravitational effects, like those associated with the hydrological cycle.
Remote sensing and cartography
These methods provide critical input from manyscientific models used in oceanography, hydrology, geology and related disciplines. Remote sensing and cartography are used for various purposes and tasks, including:
- measuring changes in the mass of polar ice;
- measuring changes in water resources on land;
- definitions of shallow and deep ocean currents;
- determining changes in sea level due to temperature fluctuations;
- a more detailed understanding of such a mass exchange as the atmosphere-ocean;
- descriptions of the forces that generate the geomagnetic field of the Earth;
- understanding the internal forces of the planet, the movement of tectonic plates as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions;
- improve prediction of natural hazards.
Anomalies attract tourists
We live in an era when almost everyone in the world hasinstant access to information. In spite of the fact that everyone, if they wish, can find out everything that they want, there are strange things in the world, and there are many of them that remain a mystery, one of those is the gravitational anomaly.
There are places on the planet that can surprise wherenatural forces of gravity do not work, where a sense of balance is lost, where a car can roll uphill, and so on. Such phenomena are indeed considered wrong from the standpoint of human thinking.
Such mysterious places can be found throughoutHowever, not all of them can be located in the whirlwinds of paranormal activity, but some can definitely become a good stopping place for tourists tired of the road.
Interpretation of gravitational and magnetic anomalies
Magnetic anomalies are mainly generatedvariations of the crystalline basement and magmatic material. Most of the deposits can be considered as magnetic-transparent, that is, having a slight susceptibility.
Thus, magnetic interpretations of data can be a useful and productive way of exploring the deepest and often most fundamental structures.
A gravitational anomaly on a lake or land can be associated with a contrast in the densities of subsurface layers (deep penetrations, faults, boundaries of river basins, etc.).
What does "GA" mean?
Gravitational anomaly, "GA" is abbreviated,is a general term for describing cases of fixation of not quite ordinary indicators of a gravitational field. This definition explains the moments that arise in cases of contradiction between the generally accepted mathematical model of gravitational theory and the other side, which does not fit into the general framework of the physical nature of gravitational interaction.
Practical meaning
Изучение характеристик и свойств гравитационного Earth's field plays an important role and finds practical application in many sectors of the economy. There is a whole scientific direction - gravimetry, which ranks with other Earth sciences (geology, geodesy, astronautics, oceanography, seismology, and others). The subject of her study is the gravitational anomaly as well.
Gravity anomalies
Changes in gravity that are associated with suchthe property of the earth's surface, as density inhomogeneity, does not have an obvious regularity and indicate a certain deviation of values from generally accepted, are called gravity anomalies. As a rule, the difference between normal and abnormal gravity is minimal. However, even minor deviations help to better study the properties of the earth's crust, as well as to search for minerals.
Gravitational anomaly occurs both onsurface of the Earth, and in its depths. An important external factor in this is relief. As for underground causes, they include the movement of layers vertically and horizontally, as well as changes in the density composition of these layers. Such a phenomenon as the gravitational anomaly is important in geology. Gravimetry methods are widely used during the search for iron ore, oil and gas.
Every year there is more informationabout abnormal places on the planet. These are places where gravity disappears in some miraculous way, a ball or spilled water begins to rise up the slope, or other miracles take place that defy logic.
The most famous are Beit Shemesh inIsrael, Devil's Gorge in Jordan, a pass in Ladhak (India), as well as gravitational anomalies in Russia, near the small village of Galashki of the Nevyansk region in the Middle Urals, where a trickle with an unusual current was discovered.
What really happens? Are all abnormal places such? Many of them have something in common, namely:
- Mostly such zones are located in mountainous terrain.
- Most are in the subtropics.
- A characteristic feature is the relatively small size, if it is expensive, then the length of the anomalous section does not exceed, as a rule, 600 m.
What is the focus?
Gravitational anomalies in the Earth and Moon systems are scientifically substantiated, their interrelation can be observed, for example, with the help of tides.
And as for the many places where power isattraction work awry? Is it that all that seems incomprehensible is abnormal? Take the example of the mountain road of one anomalous zone. Climbing up is easier than going down. So why go down so hard? This is because the body is very difficult to deceive, unlike the eyes. It is hard to believe, but most of the mysterious natural phenomena are just optical illusions.
Gravitational fields can have significantthe impact that can manifest itself in the functional failures of all kinds of technology. For example, the clock suddenly stops or starts moving in the opposite direction of the arrow, the phones are discharged, the photo equipment is turned off, and so on. All distortions of time and space must be perceived more broadly, and not only at the level of the material manifestations of a reflex nature.
