Geographical location of the European Northpredetermines the basic climatic conditions, the possibility of developing this territory, as well as industrial production. The north is as if covered with romance, fraught with many mysteries and secrets. There are their traditions here, which are anxiously passed down from generation to generation.
Features and geographical location of the territory
Geographical location of the European Northquite interesting, profitable from the point of view of trade. This is what has always attracted mariners seeking to get to these lands. The composition of the European North is well known; such regions as the Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Murmansk regions, the Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Area are included in this region. The region is located in the northern part of the Russian Plain, characterized by the alternation of hills and plains. On the Kola Peninsula there are the Khibiny Mountains, which were formed due to the emergence of the crystalline base of the Russian Platform on the surface. For a long period of time in this area, various parts of the platform periodically raised and lowered. When sedimentary rocks hit the hollows, flat areas were formed. Glaciers have contributed to this process. It was thanks to them that the final appearance of the territory of the Russian North was formed.
Economic situation
This region has excellenteconomic and geographical position, determined by the seaside location. Borders the region with some areas of Central Russia. The favorable geographical position of the European North determines the main areas of activity of the population in these territories. Sedimentary deposits located in the northeast of this area are rich in gas, oil and coal deposits. Deposits of non-ferrous and ferrous metal ores have been found on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. They determine the main industrial production developed in this area.
Climate specifics
Европейский Север отличается степенью illumination and surface warming depending on the season. The northern region is outside the Arctic Circle, so there is a polar night here. It lasts depending on the latitude from 1 to 64 days. During this period, the sun does not go to the horizon, so it is cold and dark here. Cities of the European North are characterized by harsh winters. For example, in Arkhangelsk, the air temperature can drop to –45 degrees. Summer in this area is short, rather cool. The water in the White Sea, located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region, warms up to +23 degrees. The reason for such low temperatures is cold arctic air. In the summer period precipitation prevails in the second half of summer, in August in the region comes autumn.
Water system
Анализируя состав Европейского Севера, отметим, that in this area the system of rivers and lakes is sufficiently developed. Most of them are navigable, the European North is rightly proud of them. Natural resources of the territory include not only minerals, but also fish of various breeds. Northerners have always been proud of her. Salmon, which was caught on the Onega River, in the Arkhangelsk Region, was delivered by special transports to the royal table. Hydroelectric power stations were built on the rapids of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia. Currently, a project is underway to build a tidal power station in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. After the implementation of the plans in the Arkhangelsk region will be produced cheap and safe electrical energy, which will be able to use many people in the European North.
Natural areas
Analyzing the basic natural conditions and resourcesEuropean North, it is important to mention that in the north of the region there is a tundra zone. This is where excellent pastures for reindeer are located. The rest of the territory is taiga, it is famous for the European North. Natural resources of the region are known far beyond the borders of our country. Soil productivity in the region is minimal, so agriculture is developed in the north slightly.
Population
Harsh climatic conditions difficult to callattractive, so the European North cannot boast a high population density. The region’s resources are mainly related to wood processing, mining (processing) of stone and non-ferrous ores. More than 70 percent of the entire northern population lives in cities. In addition to the Russian people in the European North, there are representatives of the Finnish language group (Karelians, Komi), Nenets.
Economic activity
The largest cities of the European North -Petrozavodsk, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Severodvinsk - are considered developed industrial centers. In recent years, in the Arkhangelsk region, special attention is paid to the development of Severodvinsk. Here is the largest ship repair center in Russia "Zvezdochka", performing the largest orders of the Russian government. There is also a factory "Sevmash", known throughout the world. It is from here that the most modern and high-quality submarines, capable of performing the most complex combat missions, come out.
В последнее время развитие Европейского Севера gaining momentum. The first increase in the volume of production and sale of wood. From the Arkhangelsk, Onezhsk sea ports leave the ships with the forest in the European countries. Such branches of the European North as the pulp and paper, sawmill industry are also based on green gold. In this territory, the fourth part of all Russian wood is harvested, half of the domestic paper, and one fifth of modern lumber are made.
Most of the timber reserves are located in the basins of Pechora, Northern Dvina, in the Republic of Karelia.
The main centers of sawmilling are Arkhangelsk, Onega, Kondopoga, Syktyvkar. In addition to forest industry in the European North is associated with chemical processing, non-ferrous metallurgy.
В Череповце (Вологодская область) находится the country's largest steel mill, which has a full cycle. The enterprise operates on coal mined in the Pechora basin and ores of the Kostomuksha and Kovdorsky deposits.
Karelia and the Kola Peninsula are presentedinitial and basic stages of non-ferrous metallurgy. The aluminum plant is located in Kandalaksha, and the copper ore processing plant operates in Monchegorsk, both are part of the European North. Natural resources, such as apatites, are recognized as high-quality raw materials for the manufacture of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers. The European North, the region of the Pechora coal basin, is a storehouse of gas and oil fields. The Timan-Pechora industrial-territorial complex covers the entire north-eastern part of the region.
In addition to the use of fuel in the regionsupplied to the central part of the Russian Federation. Mechanical engineering is concentrated in Vologda and Petrozavodsk. But Arkhangelsk and Murmansk are proud of their fishing industry, for this there are all the natural conditions and resources of the European North, starting with the waterways, the fishing fleet, and ending with fish-canning plants.
Modern realities
Currently this region is looking for wayssurvival and development in difficult economic conditions prevailing in the country. Difficult relations with European countries had a negative impact on the export of fish, the forest and fur industry suffered. As a result of a sharp decline in production, there is a significant outflow of qualified personnel in the region. People try to leave the conditions of extreme existence in the central regions of Russia. New development programs should stop this process, attract new professionals to the region. There are environmental problems in the European North, first of all they concern pollution of water and forest resources.
Population and traditions of the European North
Severe life left its mark on the indigenouspopulation of the North. People here are calm, prudent, friendly. Each family has its own traditions, which are passed on to the younger generation. For example, in the villages of the Arkhangelsk Governorate, a newborn girl in the cradle instead of a toy put a little spinning wheel. Growing up, the girl first played with her, and then with her older sisters and her mother learned to spin. As it grew, its spinning wheel also grew. A girl from the age of 12 herself was collecting a dowry for her wedding. Despite the fact that decades have passed, this custom is preserved. Considering modern realities, the spinning wheel was replaced with a modern sewing machine. Pomeranian beauties always caught admiring glances of guys. Northerners are not only the most beautiful, but also hardworking, hospitable, real hostesses and needlewomen.
Onega - a city by the White Sea
Этот небольшой провинциальный северный городок known far beyond the borders of Russia. It is here, right by the White Sea, that the real coastline dwellers live, who once made Russian ships with Peter I. But not only shipbuilders proud of the city. It was from here, from the Onega land, that salmon was delivered to the royal table. Despite the difficult economic conditions of the present, a large timber processing plant is successfully functioning and periodically modernizing here. Onega has its own fish factory that grows salmon fry. Having gained a certain weight, the fry leave the walls of the native plant, they are released, giving the opportunity to develop in natural conditions.
The population of the city is a little more than 20 thousand people,but all residents are distinguished by their devotion to their native land. Of particular interest is the small island of Ky, located near Onega. It was here that Nikon, who fled from the Solovetsky Monastery, was hiding. The nature of Kiya is unique, it is sung by many poets, depicted on canvases of domestic and foreign artists.
Conclusion
European North, whose natural resourcesdiverse, includes many small towns. They have their own history, traditions, production. The harsh climate only tempered the hearts and character of the northerners, gave confidence that they have something to be proud of. The North is not afraid of difficulties, numerous programs are being developed for the economic growth of the region, support for young personnel. Only those who truly love endless forests and blue lakes will be able to understand the northern beauty.
