As the great German philosopher once saidFriedrich Nietzsche, "everything is relative." And indeed, humanity has a huge range of goods and services. People compete with each other, choose their friends and partners for family life. Thus, mentally, we constantly compare something with each other. And in order to express it verbally and in writing, we use those independent parts of speech that designate signs of objects, other signs or actions. To this end, there are degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives, the formation rules of which we will consider in this article.
Morphology
An adverb is an independent part of speech thatcan signify a sign of action (run like? - quickly; read how? - carefully), sign of a sign (lit up like? - brightly; strong as? still a child, reading aloud). In sentences they are often located next to verbs, adjectives and other adverbs, playing the role of circumstances, and if they are nouns, then definitions. The degrees of comparison of adverbs express the difference or ratio of several actions or several signs, highlighting one of two or one of all. And since, according to the rules of education and application in the sentence, they are extremely similar to adjectives, it will not be difficult to remember them.
What words can be used
Degrees of comparison of adverbs can only be formedfrom those representatives of this part of speech who belong simultaneously to the qualitative and definitive ones, that is, they express the quality of a sign or action. For example: go fast, fight bravely, love gently, brightly glittering lantern. To quickly understand this, you can remember a simple trick: the degree of comparison is formed only from those adverbs that can be conventionally turned into adjectives. Quickly - fast, bravely - brave, gentle - gentle, bright - bright, etc. With the rest of the dialects of time (always, late), places (far, ahead), reasons (willy-nilly, rashly), goals (mockingly, purposefully ), measures and degrees (a lot, a little bit), a course of action (on foot, frowningly) it is obviously impossible to do so. This happens because only qualitative adverbs were formed from a similar category of adjectives by removing the ending and adding the suffix "-o".
Note
Hence the danger of being wrongdetermining the part of speech. Namely, the short forms of adjectives are easily confused with quality adverbs. For example, take two simple sentences: "She's joking funny" and "Yes, that's funny." In the first case, an adverb is implied, since it refers to a verb (predicate), indicates a sign of this action, therefore, answers the question “how?” And is a circumstance. In the second sentence, the word “high” is a short form of the adjective, depends on the pronoun (subject), expresses the property of the object, answers the question “what's?” And emphasizes as predicate. Therefore, in order to distinguish between these two parts of speech in a sentence, it is necessary to make the above-mentioned analysis of the problem word, and then everything will become clear.
How to form a comparative adverb form
There is another possibility of erroneousconfusion. The problem is that the comparative form of the degree of comparison of adverbs is formed in the same way as in adjectives, i.e. by adding the suffixes “-e, -she, -she, -she, -zhe” to the root, sometimes being cut off or the last letters are replaced, and in some cases the whole word is modified. For example, "far away - further, close - closer, beautiful - more beautiful / more beautiful / more beautiful, good - better, small - less." This is the formation of a simple (synthetic) form of the degree of comparison of adverbs, the table will include it at the bottom of the first column, and it is identical to the adjectives in the text. Again, take for example two sentences: "He jumped higher" and "This boy is higher." It also requires analysis: for example, in the first case it is an adverb, refers to the predicate, means a sign of action, answers the question “how?”, And in the second example, the adjective. Another form of degree of comparison (composite / analytical) for these parts of speech is different, although it is formed in the same way, by adding the auxiliary word “more” or “less.” For example, “higher” and “less close” in adjectives, “higher” and “less close” in adverbs.
How to form an excellent form
Adverbs comparatively express that forof a given action / trait, the indicated word is more characteristic than another. In addition, there is another form, which is called "excellent." It identifies this action / symptom from all, expressing it in the highest degree of comparison of adverbs, and is formed by adding the auxiliary word “all” (compound) or suffixes “-ashe, -ayshe” (simple). The latter is characteristic only for certain words, mainly obsolete (most humbly, lowly), and therefore practically not indicated in reference books on the Russian language. But the compound form of the degree of adverb comparison is used. Exercises and examples with it can be thought out of any words: jump above all, be lower than all, ride the farthest of all, perform better than anyone, and so on.
