An adverb is a part of speech that denotesa sign of an object, an action, a property, or a quality. The main feature of this feature is its non-processuality. The adverb as part of speech is characterized by the absence of word change, but there are a number of exceptions that form a comparative degree.
By the general meaning of non-processality, all adverbsare similar to adjectives. This value determines the function of the word in the sentence: a verb, a noun or another adverb is defined. Thus between words there is such type of connection as adjacency. In addition, adverbs are used in the sentence as a function of the predicate and define the sentence in general. Proposals with adverbs are characterized by the presence of relationships that arise in the syntactic connections of such words, and they are usually predetermined by lexical meanings. For example, way home or everywhere the water - determination by place, afternoon meeting or today is sunny - determination by time, very funny - By degree, measure.
Adverbs with an end on -e or -o have a morphological category of the degree of comparison, which is represented by two forms - positive and comparative degrees. For example, beautiful - beautiful, sweet - sweeter, worse - worse, well - better. A positive degree represents a symptom beyondcomparison, and in the form of a comparative degree, the attribute appears as the one that is found to a large extent in comparison with its other manifestation. The methods and significance of the formation of such forms coincide with the methods and significance of the formation of the comparative degree of adjectives, and differ from the latter only syntactically.
The adverb as part of speech can be motivatedor unmotivated. You can often find adverbs motivated by words that are unofficial parts of speech: adjectives (indifferently, friendly, in a good way), nouns (day, spring, above), numerals (twice), adverbs (rather weakly), verbs (swam, at random) , pronouns (why).
Unmotivated adverbs are words that mean a sign as a circumstance: time (tomorrow, when, now), places (away, about), mode of action (how, otherwise), measures (so much).
In addition, the adverb as part of speech can besignificant and pronominal, which depends on whether it calls a sign or just points to it. Pronominal adverbs, in turn, are divided into personal (in my opinion), returnable (in their own way), index (here, then, so), identifying (everywhere, many), interrogative (from, why, how), vague ( anywhere, anywhere) and negative (anywhere, no way, nowhere). Often the word "which" (part of the speech pronoun) is mistakenly called an adverb.
All adverbs are also divided into two categories:proper-characterizing and circumstantial. The first denote qualities, properties, mode of action, the second - a sign that is external to the carrier. Also, characteristic dialects can be qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative adverbs are words in -o and -e, which are motivated by adjectives: cheerfully, sadly, slowly. They, as already mentioned above, can form degrees of comparison, from them it is possible to form adverbs with a weak degree of manifestation of a certain characteristic (poorly) and strengthening of the sign (rannenko).
To the qualitative adverbs also include the so-called predicatives - words that act as the main member of the sentence with the modal meanings of necessity, possibility, completion: you must, you can, you can not.
Adverb as part of speech is associated with the majoritywords in Russian. With independent words, they are related word-formatively (motivated by other parts of speech), and unmotivated adverbs serve as the basis for the formation of prepositions, particles and unions.
