People from ancient times sought to study andExplanation of objects and phenomena of the world around them and used for this purpose various methods of studying nature. Secondary school grade 5 is the age when the child’s inquisitiveness is combined with the seriousness of the young researcher.
Science of Nature
Natural science - This is a special area of human activity. Its purpose is to acquire new information about the world and the accumulation of knowledge.
What does it mean to study nature?
Study nature - it means to study everything, next to what we live, everything that surrounds us: plants, birds, animals, humans, weather, climate, earth, sky, space, water, soil, cities, countries.
In which class do they begin to learn methods of studying nature?
The method is the whole range of systematized activities necessary to achieve the desired result.
To explore the world around us, kids start withbirths (strangers in their mouths, feel, lick, bite), in the kindergarten classes on the knowledge of the world are conducted. In elementary school, methods of studying nature are already slightly affected. 5th grade - this is the beginning of a more serious, more detailed, more scientific study of the natural sciences.
Nature study: methods of studying nature
Throughout the history of mankind, people have studied what surrounds them, and in the process they have made amazing, unexpected discoveries.
Science, studying nature, combines the word "natural science". The word is decomposed into two bases: "nature" and "knowledge." Modern science includes the following areas of scientific knowledge:
- physics;
- chemistry;
- geography;
- astronomy;
- ecology;
- geology;
- astrophysics;
- biology.
Methods of studying nature:
- observation;
- experiments and experiments;
- measurement
Observation
The basic most simple and accessible, and therefore the most common method of studying nature is observation. In it, the person is assisted by all the senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch.
Observation can be direct and indirect. In the first case, the behavior of the object is observed directly, in the second, the information is summarized on the basis of the physical signs of the actions completed.
With the help of observation you can study the typicalthe behavior of an animal in natural conditions or the influence of certain weather conditions on the growth, flowering or fruiting of a certain type of plant; in addition, the location and movement of celestial bodies and space objects can be studied.
In ancient times, the generalization and comparison of observations evolved into the so-called signs: 
- Larks fly to heat.
- The cat is sleeping on the floor - wait for the heat.
- Clouds float high - good weather expected.
- I saw a sparrow floundering in the sand - it would soon rain.
- Birches before rainy summer give a lot of juice.
- High-flying geese - to flood.
- Golden or pink sunset - to fair weather.
- On the eve of bad weather bloodsucking insectsthey eat enough, ants hide cocoons with children more deeply and seal the exits from the nest, fireflies go out, and dragonflies rush about randomly, huddling together.
- Trees and other plants on the eve of thunderstorms smell stronger.
- Frogs loudly croak to clear and hot weather.
To make a useful conclusion from direct or indirect observations, it is necessary to process in good faith and carefully analyze the data obtained.
Processing and analysis —This is a generalization, explanation, summation,comparison and comparison of observed phenomena and facts. First, an analysis of individual observations is made (change in the amount of precipitation, temperature, pressure, cloudiness, wind speed, quality), after which their results are summarized and compared.
When observing often used magnifying devices: magnifying glass, microscope, binoculars, telescope.
Experiments and Experiments
To confirm the scientific facts are often requiredcertain conditions, and it is not always possible to wait for these conditions in a natural way, and then a scientific experiment comes to our aid, during which the required conditions are reproduced artificially. 
So, experiments (or experiments) are conducted by scientists.in the laboratory. In the course of such studies, the experimenter himself reproduces various conditions or natural phenomena. For example, using this method of research, you can find out what happens to the object in the process of heating or, on the contrary, cooling or freezing.
Measurements
And during the observations, and during the experiments,researchers have to carry out various kinds of measurements. Measure temperature, humidity, pressure, speed, duration, force, area, capacity, power, volume, mass. Measurements are made using special tools. It:
- thermometer;
- Libra;
- telescope;
- microscope;
- vane;
- hygrometer;
- barometer;
- voltmeter;
- ammeter;
- silomer;
- weather satellite;
- tonometer;
- lactometer;
- blood glucose meter;
- cloud meter;
- weather probe;
- roulette;
- level;
- compass;
- protractor;
- ruler;
- tailor meter;
- measuring cylinder;
- beaker;
- stopwatch;
- clock;
- height meter.
By the way, a special branch of science deals with measurements. - metrology.
Summarizing observations, experiments and experiments
When the processing of observations, experiments or experiments is completed, their results are recorded in the form: 
- texts;
- tables;
- schemes;
- graphs;
- diagrams.
The report records the purpose and objectives, means and methods, lists all the research participants, fixes data on conditions, then - The results obtained with a detailed description and confirmation of actual data.
Method differences
The main difference between observation and experiment is that the first method describes the phenomenon, and the second explains it.
So, we met with several methods of studying nature: observation, experiment and measurement.
