Culturology as a humanitarian science of generallaws of cultural development took shape in the writings of the American scientist Leslie White. The development of cultural science as a science continues today. The search for methods, forms, definitions - all this testifies to some of its immaturity, but at the same time it says that this science came out of philosophy into an independent discipline, although it continues to actively interact with it through the philosophy of culture.
Связь философии и культурологии имеет достаточно complex nature due to interaction and interaction. This is due to the fact that the problematics of the theory of culture initially developed within the framework of philosophy, and some individual disciplines of cultural science under its strong influence.
By the beginning of the XX century in philosophy begins to take shapethe theory of culture, which is associated with a departure from reflection and an increasing desire to describe what culture is. Moving away from a critical and symbolic attitude to culture, philosophy begins, based on ethnographic and anthropological data, to model and predict the development of culture. With the development of methods of describing and the emergence of the first descriptions of culture, a new science of cultural science emerges.
However, due to the fact that this young science exists there are many of its interpretations and definitions of them can be divided into 3 main ones.
- Cultural studies is a complex of disciplines studying culture. The essence is the study of historical development for understanding the system understanding of it.
- Cultural studies are a combination of different areas of study of culture in one way or another: the sociology of culture, philosophy of culture, culture-anthropology, etc.
- Cultural studies - the science of studying culture. In this regard, it has its own subject of study, methods and forms.
The subject of study of cultural studies are various concepts with the help of which this science describes and studies reality.
The subject of study of cultural studies are processes and phenomena occurring in society and directly related to its culture.
And The subject of study of cultural studies are features and specificity of modern civilization, its essence and specificity.
In the same time The subject of study of cultural studies are differences in local cultures of individual regions, their development and interchangeability at different stages of historical development.
The process of human development, structure, essence and laws - this is also the subject of study of cultural science.
Таким образом, культурология изучает все явления spiritual and material culture. What is the phenomenon of spiritual culture can be seen on the example of the icon. Thus, the word "icon", translated from Greek, means an image, an image. It usually depicts either the face of a saint or some event from a sacred history. However, the traditional manner of the image is reduced to a minimum of the details of the material world, concentrating all the attention on the spiritual. The icon performs the function of a cult.
К материальной культуре относятся ежедневный быт:food, its preparation and raw materials, natural needs, etc. Although the division of culture into spiritual and material is rather arbitrary. So at one time in Russia there were many bans on the use of food in accordance with the biblical instructions. For example, there was a strict ban on the use of burbot (they do not have scales), crayfish and potatoes, which were called “damn eggs”. On the basis of these prohibitions on the use of potatoes in the nineteenth century, a wave of peasant revolts took place in the Perm Region. Although currently there are no prohibitions.
Studying the phenomena of material and spiritual culture, cultural studies reveal its patterns.
