Surprisingly, the attitude to the word "cramp" morethan ambiguous. In most cases, it is applied to residents of the Pskov region. Some consider it humiliating, while others are proud of such a self-name. The whole snag in the origin of the word. There are different versions of why Pskov - skolari.
Peter the First trace
This is more like a beautiful legend, but they say that such a name appeared with the light hand of the sovereign.
The fact is that the Pskov province since ancient timesGlorified by skilled craftsmen in the manufacture of hardware. Once Peter the Great wanted to straighten the brace made by local blacksmiths, but did not master it. This very surprised him, because, being a strong man, he easily coped even with horseshoes. So he praised the Pskov craftsmen, calling them scrapers. Therefore, many natives of these lands proudly call themselves that way in memory of their ancestors. Moreover, in 2014 they even erected a monument to the headstamp in Pskov. The creators perpetuated the blacksmith’s craftsmen and expressed their appreciation to them. This monument has become the unofficial symbol of the city.
Scober - is it uncouth provincial?
Хотя предыдущая версия, скорее всего, чистой воды fiction, but there is no smoke without fire. It is known that Peter the Great issued a decree in 1714, which obliged about two hundred families of Pskov fishermen to move to the vicinity of St. Petersburg. The city was just being built, and there were no good blacksmiths there. They were assigned a settlement for settlement, which, for obvious reasons, later became known as the village of Rybatskiy. Their mission - the manufacture of hardware - they performed properly. The settlers supplied the young city with nails, rods, horseshoes. Therefore, they began to designate narrower specialization of blacksmithing with stemship.
But the inhabitants of Rybatsky were distinguished by provincialism.and coarse neozalennost, so the name of their profession has become a negative hue. So began to call the simple-minded, narrow-minded, rude, greedy people. Perhaps, at first, this word was argotism, but over time it migrated into a wide vocabulary, where it stuck. Therefore, according to most modern explanatory dictionaries, skobar is a countryman, snapper and meanie.
Indirect arguments in favor of this versionOrigin words are similar in sound tokens in other languages. First of all, this concerns those peoples who lived in the neighborhood of the Pskovites, for example, Latvians. Theoretically, if the word did exist in Russian, but was lost, its traces can be found in other linguistic systems. So, Latvian skops, meaning "greedy", can serve as proof of this. Also in German there is an adjective skeptisch ("incredulous"), as well as French sceptique with the same meaning. But sometimes, as they say, you don’t have to go far, because the Russian “miserly” can also be an echo of that old name of immigrants from the Pskov lands.
Scober is a skilled warrior?
There is another version to which the blacksmith’s craft is irrelevant. Pskov - the descendants of the Slavic tribe of Krivichi - were famous for their dexterity and bravery in the military work.
Hence their self-name, since the word“staples” meant a military skirmish, and a staple called its participant. True, supporters of this version operate on very scarce evidence: the presence of a similar lexeme with such a meaning already in the Serbian and Croatian languages, whose speakers do not live in territorial proximity to the Pskovs. That is, from a scientific point of view, such arguments are sewn with white threads and can be regarded only as an attempt to ennoble the name under discussion and to launder it from the bloom of negative, accumulated over a long time.
Or assume that the brackets calledpeople who lived in a well-protected area. And those lands, which then occupied the Pskov province, were famous for their fortresses, reliably guarding residents from attacks.
Опять-таки в подмогу берут созвучные слова из other languages, for example, English escape ("avoid", "escape"), ancient Greek σκεπαω ("protect", "cover"), Italian scappare ("avoid"), Romanian a scăpa ("save", "escape"). The meanings of these words intersect in the concept of a well-protected place.
Lexical ghost
Скептиков терзают смутные сомнения насчет того, did this name even 300 years ago. After all, if so, it would be found in annals or other historical documents. But there is no such evidence. Also, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who spent almost 3 years in the Pskov province, never mentioned this word in writing. And he uses the adjective "Pskov" 18 times. Also there is no this word in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian Language" edited by Dahl, published in the 19th century. It looks, at least, strange that such a connoisseur of Russian vocabulary missed him, if it was in wide use at that time, because in this work there are even dialectisms and common people. Everything speaks against the fact that the noun "shabar", whether the name of the profession or katoykonim, existed in the 18th or 19th century.
Phonetic version
Everything can be much easier.Perhaps the word "Pskov" was transformed into "Skopsky" because of such a phonetic phenomenon as assimilation. And from this adjective with time a noun happened. That is, the whole process happened like this: Pskov - Skop - Skolsky - scraper. Many linguists agree with this version. If this was the case, then the scraper is only an ethnonym. He acquired a negative connotation because of the film “We are from Kronstadt”, shot in the 1930s. It shows the events of the Civil War. In the picture there is a scene where the faint-hearted sailor, watching the battle between the reds and the whites, then puts on the White Guard epaulets, then rips them off, depending on which side has the advantage. At the same time, he miserably repeats: "We are Pskov, we are Skopsky."
Conclusion
It all depends on how you perceive the word.If as the original name of a subethnos, then any Pskov citizen can proudly call himself a swordsman. But if you take into account the negative connotation of the meaning, then you have to be very careful with this anthroponym. After all, you can seriously hurt a person by calling him a scrapie.
