Who are they - the first people in space?The second half of the twentieth century is significant by many events. One of the most ambitious was the discovery of outer space by man. The Soviet Union had a leading role in this qualitative leap, which humanity carried out, starting to explore space. Despite the strongest rivalry between the leading powers of the world, the USSR and the USA, the first people in space were from the Soviet Union, which caused bouts of impotent rage in a rival country.
1961
The twelfth of April 1961 is the date thatknown to any student. On this day, the first manned flight into space. It was then that all the people of Earth learned from the astronaut that our planet was really round. It was then, on April 12, that the first man in space visited. The year 1961 is forever in the history of earthlings.
The first man in space - from the Soviet Union!
In those years between the USSR and the USA was toughrivalry. Both there and there they actively sought space exploration. In the US, they were also preparing to carry out a flight into space. But it so happened that the first astronaut flew from the Soviet Union. It turned out to be Yuri Gagarin. Experiments have already been carried out before, and dogs, the famous Belka and Strelka, were flying into space, but not humans.
The whole world applauded the first cosmonaut, despite all the attempts of the USA to lower the significance of its flight.
How it was
Vostok-1 spaceship launched at 97 hours from the Baikonur cosmodrome, on board of which was Yuri Gagarin. His flight did not last long, just 108 minutes. This is not to say that it was completely smooth. During the flight, abnormal situations occurred: communication failure occurred; the tightness sensor, due to which the aggregate compartment did not disconnect, did not work; there was a wedge of the spacesuit.
But the optimism of the astronaut and the technician as a whole is notsummed up. He landed by catapulting to Earth. But due to a failure in the braking system, the apparatus descended not in the planned area (110 kilometers from Stalingrad), but in Saratov, not far from the city of Engels.
It is because of this that the United States tried for a long time.to impose its opinion on the world that the flight could not be called complete. However, the attempts were not successful. Gagarin met in many countries as a hero. He was awarded a huge variety of various awards in different countries of the world.
Yuri Gagarin: a brief biography
He was born on the ninth of March 1934 in the villageKlushino Gzhatsky district (now it is Gagarinsky district of the Smolensk region) in a simple peasant family. There he survived a year and a half of the occupation of the fascist troops, when the whole family was driven out of the house and was forced to huddle in a dugout. At this time, the boy did not study, and only after the liberation of the Red Army classes at the school resumed.
Gagarin graduated with honors from a vocational school andentered the Saratov Industrial Technical School. In 1954, he first came to the Saratov Aero Club, and in 1955, after graduation, made his first flight. In total, they were subsequently 196.
Then he graduated from the military aviation school and served as a fighter pilot. And in 1959 he wrote a statement stating him to be included in the group of candidates for cosmonauts.
Alexey Gagarin died very early,34 years old. But during his short life he left a great memory of himself in the hearts of many people who remembered him as a man who first visited the extraterrestrial space.
The first woman in space - from the Soviet Union!
After the flight of Yuri Gagarin this directionbegan to develop at an even more active pace. Man and space attracted each other with a new force. Scientists have caught fire now so that a woman has been there. Perseverance and intelligence helped the fair sex Valentina Tereshkova. On June 16, 1963, having started on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, the first woman in space visited, having become famous all over the world ever since.
Valentina Tereshkova: brief biography
She was born on March 6, 1937 in Tutaevdistrict of Yaroslavl region in an ordinary family. Her father was a tractor driver and died at the front, and her mother worked at a weaving factory. In 1953, Valya graduated from seven classes and got a bracelet at the Yaroslavl plant. In parallel, she was educated at night school.
In 1959, young Tereshkova began to engage in parachuting and made about a hundred jumps.
With space she tied her fate in 1962year when it was decided to send a woman into space. Of the many candidates, only five candidates were selected. After enrolling as a cosmonaut in the detachment, Valentina began intensive training and training. And a year later, it was her chosen for the flight.
The first astronaut in open space
Alexey Leonov first out of spaceship in an open extraterrestrial space. It was March 18, 1965. At that time, no rescue systems for astronauts were envisaged. It was impossible to dock or move from one ship to another. One could only rely on himself and the equipment that flew with him. Alexey Arkhipovich decided on this, thereby realizing the dream of the legendary Tsiolkovsky, who proposed using a lock chamber for spacewalks.
And again, the USSR beat the United States. After all, they also wanted to implement this. But the exit of the first man into space was carried out precisely by a Soviet man.
How it was
First, in the open space they wanted to sendan animal, but subsequently abandoned the idea. After all, the main task, which is to find out how a person behaves in space, would not be solved. In addition, the animal could not tell you later about their impressions.
Various assumptions were on the lips of the public.about the exit of man into open extraterrestrial space. And, despite the fact that the first people in space have already visited, no one had the exact certainty how the person behaves outside the ship.
Состав экипажа подбирался самым тщательным in a way. In addition to the excellent physical data required coherence and harmony of the whole team. Astronauts became Belyaev and Leonov, two complementing each other in their human qualities.
The astronaut was left behind for twelve minutes,the flow of which flew off from the ship five times and came back. The problem arose when he needed to return to the cabin. The suit in a vacuum swelled so much that it could not squeeze into the hatch. After a series of unsuccessful attempts, Leonov decided, contrary to instructions, to go inside with his head, not his legs. He succeeded.
Alexey Leonov: a brief biography
He was born on May 30, 1934 in a Siberian village, near the city of Kemerovo. His father was a miner, and his mother was a teacher.
Alexey grew up in a large family and was the nintha child. Even at the school desk, he became interested in aviation technology, and after high school he entered a pilot school. Then he graduated from the school of fighter pilots. And in 1960, having stood the rigorous selection, he was enrolled in astronauts.
Leonov made his flight in 1965.From 1967 to 1970, he led the lunar group of astronauts. In 1973, he was selected for a joint flight with US astronauts, when for the first time in history spacecraft were docked.
Alexey Leonov is an international member of the astronaut corps, an academician of the RAA and the co-chairman of the association of participants in space flights.
Man and space
Regarding the topic of space, it is impossible not to mention suchPeople like S. P. Korolev and K. E. Tsiolkovsky. They are not the first people in space and have never been there. However, thanks in large part to their efforts and labors, the person nevertheless achieved it.
Sergey Pavlovich - the creator of the rocket-spacetechnology of the Soviet Union. It was on his initiative that the first artificial satellite of the Earth and the Vostok-1 with Yuri Gagarin were sent on board. When the astronaut was killed, a photo of Sergei Pavlovich was found in his jacket.
Konstantin Eduardovich - a self-taught scientistIt is considered the founder of cosmonautics theoretical. He is the author of many scientific and fantastic works, propagandized ideas of space exploration.
