Statics is the science of quantitative methods.assess the strength of the interaction between the bodies. These forces are responsible for maintaining balance, movement of bodies or changing their shape. In everyday life, you can see many different examples every day. Movement and shape changes are crucial for the functionality of both artificial and natural objects.
Concept of statics
Основы статики были заложены более 2200 лет ago, when the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes and other scientists of that time studied the enhancement properties and the invention of simple mechanisms, such as a lever and an axis. Statics is a section of mechanics that deals with forces that act on bodies at rest under the condition of equilibrium.
Это раздел физики, который делает возможными analytical and graphical procedures necessary to identify and describe these unknown forces. The "static" (physics) section plays an important role in many branches of mechanical engineering, mechanical, civil, aviation and bioengineering, which deal with various effects of forces. When the body is at rest or moving at a uniform speed, then we are talking about this area of physics. Statics is the study of the body in balance.
Методы и результаты данного раздела науки proved particularly useful in the design of buildings, bridges and dams, as well as cranes and other similar mechanical devices. To be able to calculate the dimensions of such structures and equipment, architects and engineers must first determine the forces that act on their interconnected parts.
Axioms of statics
Statics is a branch of physics that studiesconditions under which mechanical and other systems remain in a certain state, which does not change with time. This section of physics is based on five basic axioms:
one.A solid body is in a state of static equilibrium, if it is acted upon by two forces having the same intensity, lie on the same line of action and are directed in opposite directions along the same line.
2. The solid body will be in a static state until external forces or a system of forces affect it.
3. The resultant of two forces acting at the same material point is equal to the vector sum of two forces. This axiom obeys the principle of vector summation.
four.Two interacting bodies react to each other with two forces of equal intensity in opposite directions along the same line of action. This axiom is also called the principle of action and reaction.
5. If a deformable body is in a state of static balance, it will not be disturbed if the physical body remains in a solid state. This axiom is also called the principle of solidification.
Mechanics and its sections
Physics translated from Greek (physikos -"natural" and "physis" - "nature") literally means the science that deals with nature. It covers all known laws and properties of matter, as well as the forces acting on it, including gravity, heat, light, magnetism, electricity and other forces that can change the basic characteristics of objects. One of the sections of science is mechanics, which includes such important subsections as statics and dynamics, as well as kinematics.
Механика – раздел физики, который занимается the study of forces, objects or bodies that are at rest or in motion. This is one of the largest actors in the field of science and technology. Static tasks include the study of the state of bodies under the influence of various forces. Kinematics is a branch of physics (mechanics) that studies the movement of objects, regardless of the forces causing movement.
Theoretical mechanics: statics
Mechanics is a physical science thatconsiders the behavior of bodies under the action of forces. There are 3 categories of mechanics: absolutely solid, deformable bodies and liquids. A solid body is a body that is not deformed by force. Theoretical mechanics (statics - part of the mechanics of an absolutely rigid body) also includes dynamics, which, in turn, is divided into kinematics and kinetics.
Deformable body mechanics deal with issuesthe distribution of forces inside the body and the deformations caused in this connection. These internal forces cause certain stresses in the body, which ultimately can lead to changes in the material itself. These questions are studied in courses of strength of materials.
Fluid mechanics is a section of mechanics thatdeals with the distribution of forces within liquids or gases. Fluids are widely used in engineering. They can be classified as incompressible or compressible. Applications include hydraulics, aerospace and many more.
Concept of dynamics
Dynamics deals with force and motion.The only way to change body movement is to use force. Along with the power of dynamics, it studies other physical concepts, including the following: energy, momentum, collision, center of gravity, torque and moment of inertia.
Statics and dynamics are completelyopposite states. Dynamics is the study of bodies that are not in equilibrium, and acceleration arises. Kinetics deals with the study of forces causing a movement, or forces that arise as a result of movement. Unlike such a thing as statics, kinematics is the theory of body movement, which does not take into account the fact of how exactly the movement is made. Sometimes it is called "motion geometry".
Kinematics
Кинематические принципы часто применяются для analysis of determining the position, speed and acceleration in various parts of the equipment during its operation. Kinematics considers the movement of a point, body and body system without considering the causes of movement. Motion is described by a vector of quantities, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration, along with an indication of the reference system. Various problems in kinematics are solved using the equation of motion.
Mechanics - Statics: Fundamental Values
The history of mechanics has more than one century.The basic principles of statics were developed a long time ago. All sorts of levers, inclined planes and other principles were necessary in the times of early civilizations to build, for example, such huge structures as pyramids.
The fundamental quantities in mechanics arelength, time, mass and strength. The first three are called absolute, independent of each other. Strength is not an absolute value, since it is associated with mass and velocity changes.
Length
Length is a value that is used toDescriptions of the position of a point in space relative to another point. This distance is called the standard unit of length. The generally accepted standard unit of length is the meter. This standard has been formed and improved over the years. Initially, it was one ten-millionth part of the earth's surface quadrant, with which it was quite difficult to make measurements. October 20, 1983, the meter was defined as the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum in 1 / 299,792.458 seconds.
Time
Time is a certain interval between twoevents. The generally accepted standard unit of time is the second. The second was originally defined as 1 / 86.4 of the average period of the Earth’s orbital rotation. In 1956, the definition of the second was improved and amounted to 1 / 31,556 of the time required for a complete revolution, which makes the Earth around the Sun.
Weight
Mass is a property of matter.It can be considered as the amount of substance contained in the body. This category determines the effect of gravity on the body and resistance to changes in movement. This resistance to movement change is called inertia, which is the result of body mass. The generally accepted unit of mass is the kilogram.
Strength
Сила – это производная единица, но очень важный block in the study of mechanics. It is often defined as the action of one body on another, and may also be or not be the result of direct contact between the bodies. Gravitational and electromagnetic forces are examples of the result of such an impact. There are two principles of influence, forces that seek to change the movements of the system and which tend to deform it. The basic unit of force is Newton in the SI system and the pound in the English system.
Equilibrium equations
Statics suggests that items about whichin question are absolutely solid. The sum of all forces acting on a body in a state of rest should be zero, that is, the forces involved balance each other and there should be no tendency for forces capable of turning the body around any axis. These conditions are independent of each other, and their expression in mathematical form constitutes the so-called equilibrium equations.
There are three equilibrium equations, and thereforeOnly three unknown forces can be calculated. If there are more than three unknown forces, this means that there are several more components in the structure or machine than are required to maintain certain loads, or that there are more restrictions than are necessary to keep the body from moving.
Such unnecessary components or restrictionsare called redundant (for example, a four-legged table has one redundant), and the system of forces is statically indeterminate. The number of equations available in statics is limited, since any solid body remains solid under any conditions, regardless of shape and size.
