Visual art is based on the concept"composition". It ensures the meaningfulness and integrity of the work. Solving an artistic task, the creator selects expressive means, thinks out the form of the embodiment of the idea and builds a composition. To present the idea to the artist, various means are necessary, some of which are dynamics and statics in the composition. We will tell about the specifics of static and dynamic composition.
The notion of composition
In art, the composition is the leadingcharacteristic of the art form. It ensures the unity and interrelation of all elements and parts of the work. The concept of "composition" researchers put such values as a skillful combination of expressive means, the embodiment of the author's idea in the material, and the development of the theme in space and time. It is with her help that the author presents the main and secondary, draws up the semantic and graphic centers. It is present in any form of art, but the dynamics and statics in the composition are the most tangible and significant in the visual arts. Composition is a kind of tool, organizing all expressive means, and allowing the artist to achieve the highest expressiveness of form. The composition combines form and content, they unite the aesthetic idea and the artistic intent of the author.
Principles of composition
Despite the fact that the main unifying principlecomposition is a unique idea of the artist, there are unified laws of the construction of a composite form. The basic principles or laws of composition took shape in artistic practice; they were not artificially invented, but were born in the course of a centuries-old creative process by many artists. Integrity is the first and most important law of composition. According to him, the work must have a carefully verified form in which nothing can be subtracted or added without violating the intention.
The primacy of an idea over a form is another law.compositions. All means are always subordinated to the idea of the artist, the idea is born first, and only then material embodiment in color, texture, sound, etc. appears. Any composition is built on the basis of contrasts, and this is another law. The opposite of colors, sizes, textures allows you to draw the viewer's attention to certain elements of the form, highlight the compositional center and give the idea a special expressiveness. Another immutable law of composition is novelty. Each artwork is a unique author's view of a phenomenon or situation. It is in finding a new perspective and new means of embodying ideas, perhaps the eternal and familiar, and lies the main value of creation.
Composition means
Each art form has developed its ownassortment of expressive composite means. In art these include lines, strokes, color, chiaroscuro, proportions and the golden ratio, form. But there are more general means characteristic of many art forms. These include rhythm, symmetry and asymmetry, the selection of the compositional center. Dynamics and statics in composition are universal means of expressing aesthetic ideas. They are closely related to the existence of composition in space and time. A unique ratio of different means allow artists to create individual and original works. It is in the arrangement of this expressive arsenal that the author’s style of the creator manifests itself.
Types of composition
Despite all the individuality of artisticworks, there is a rather limited list of composite forms. There are several classifications, which for various reasons emit kinds of compositions. According to the features of the representation of the object, frontal, volumetric and deep-spatial types are distinguished. They differ in the distribution of objects in space. So, the frontal one represents only one plane of the object, the volumetric one is several, the depth-spatial one shows several perspective plans and the placement of objects in three dimensions.
There is also a tradition to isolate the closed andan open composition in which the author distributes objects either relative to the center or in relation to the external contour. Researchers divide compositional forms into symmetric and asymmetrical, according to the dominant location of objects in space with a certain rhythm. In addition, the dynamics and statics in the composition are also the basis for the selection of types of forms of the product. They differ in the presence or absence of movement in the work.
Static composition
Stability and statics have particular associations withperson The whole world around strives for movement and therefore something permanent, unchanging, motionless is perceived as a kind of value. Considering the laws of composition, the researchers found that statics is present in almost all types of art. Artists from antiquity saw a special art and a difficult task to grasp the beauty of some object or object. Static compositions are perceived as emotions of peace, harmony, balance. Finding such a balance is a real challenge to the artist. To solve this problem, the artist uses a variety of means.
Static Composition Agents
Both static and dynamic in composition, simplefigures in which are the main means of expression, use a different set of forms. Such statics as a rectangle and a square excellently transfer statics. For static compositions characterized by the absence of bright contrasts, colors and textures are applied close to each other. Items in the compositions are not very different in size. Such compositions are built on the nuances, the game of shades.
Dynamic composition
Динамика и статика в композиции, определение which we represent, are solved with the help of traditional expressive means: lines, colors, dimension. Dynamics in art is the desire to reflect the transience of life. Like static, motion transmission is a serious artistic task. Since it has diverse characteristics, this task, unlike static, has many more solutions. Dynamics causes a diverse range of emotions, it is associated with the movement of thought and empathy.
Means of creating dynamics
To convey the sensation of movement useda large range of expressive means. These are vertical and wavy lines, distribution of objects in space, contrast. But the main means is the rhythm, i.e. the alternation of objects with a certain interval. Movement, statics, rhythm in the composition are always interrelated. In each work, you can find elements of each of these beginnings. But for dynamics, rhythm is a fundamental principle.
Examples of statics and dynamics in the composition
Any kind of art can provide samples.static and dynamic compositions. But in the visual arts they are much easier to find, since these principles are basic to the visual form. Statics and dynamics in the composition, examples of which we want to present, have always been used by artists. Samples of static compositions are still lifes, which were originally built just as the caught moment of stopping motion. Many classical portraits are also static, for example, Tropinin, Borovikovsky. The embodiment of statics is the painting of K. Malevich "Black Square". Dynamic compositions are many genre, landscape and battle works. For example, “Troika” by V. Perov, “Boyarynya Morozova” by V. Surikov, “Dance” by A. Matisse.
